Phakathi kwezinyanga eziyishumi nambili zekhalenda yenyanga yamaSilamu, ezine zihloniphwe u-Allah ngesimo esingcwele. Zaziwa ngokuthi i-Ashḥur al-Ḥurum — Izinyanga Ezingcwele — futhi yiziDhul Qa’dah, uDhul Ḥijjah, uMuharram, noRajab. UDhul Qa’dah yinyanga yeshumi nanye yonyaka wamaSilamu futhi eyokuqala yezinyanga ezintathu ezilandelanayo ezingcwele, ilandelwa uDhul Ḥijjah noMuharram.
Incazelo Yegama
Igama elithi Dhul Qa’dah (ذو القعدة) livela empandeni yesi-Arabhu ethi qa’ada, esho “ukuhlala” noma “ukusala.” Ngokomlando, ama-Arabhu enkathi yangaphambi kwamaSilamu ayeyeka zonke izimpi nezingxabano ngale nyanga. Ayehlala phansi — abeke phansi izikhali zawo aphumule ezinkingeni zempi — elungiselela isikhathi sokwenza umkhuba esasilandela kuDhul Ḥijjah.
Lo mkhuba wokuthula wawungesona nje isiko; wawungumyalo waphezulu owaqinisekiswa waqhutshwa amaSilamu.
Isimo Esingcwele SikaDhul Qa’dah
U-Allah, oPhakeme Kakhulu, uthi eQuran:
“Ngempela, inani lezinyanga ku-Allah lingu-12 [lwenyanga] embhalweni ka-Allah [kusukela] ngosuku adala ngalo amazulu nomhlaba; kuzo, ezine zingcwele.”
(Surah At-Tawbah, 9:36)
UMprofethi ⸿ waqinisekisa ukuthi yiziphi lezi zinyanga:
“Unyaka uyizinyanga eziyishumi nambili, ezine zazo zingcwele: izinyanga ezintathu ezilandelanayo — uDhul Qa’dah, uDhul Ḥijjah, noMuharram — [nenyanga ehlukile] uRajab.”
(Sahih al-Bukhari, 3197; Sahih Muslim, 1679)
Isimo esingcwele salezi zinyanga sisho ukuthi isono esenziwa kuzo sinzima kakhulu kunesono esenziwa kwesinye isikhathi, futhi izenzo ezilungile ziphethe isisindo nomvuzo omkhulu.
Inyanga Yokuthula Nokumiswa Kwezingxabano
Esinye sezici ezibalulekile zikaDhul Qa’dah wukwenqatshelwa kokuqala ukuhlasela. Izazi zamaSilamu ziphawule ukuthi yize impi yokuzivikela ingeke yenqatshelwe, ukuqala imikhankaso yokuhlasela ngezinyanga ezingcwele kuyinto eyayigwenywa ngokomlando ngenxa yokuhlonipha ubungcwele bazo.
Le nyanga ikhumbuza umkholwa ukuthi ukuthula, ukuzinza, nokuyeka izingxabano kuyizimiso ezigxile kakhulu embonweni wamaSilamu. Ezweni eligcwele izingxabano, uDhul Qa’dah uyisimemo saphezulu sokuthi ume, uzindle, ubuyele esimweni sokuthula kwangaphakathi nangaphandle.
UDhul Qa’dah Ne-Umrah KaMprofethi ⸿
Ukuxhumana okubaluleke kakhulu komlando kule nyanga ukuthi uMprofethi ⸿ wenza wonke ama-Umrah akhe amathathu ngoDhul Qa’dah:
- Owokuqala kwakuyi-Umrat al-Ḥudaybiyyah ngonyaka wesithupha ngemva kweHijra, eyavinjelwa abakwaQuraysh kodwa yaholela eSivumelwaneni saseHudaybiyyah.
- Owesibili kwakuyi-Umrat al-Qaḍā’ ngonyaka wesikhombisa, igcwalisa imibandela yesivumelwano.
- Owesithathu kwakuyi-Umrat al-Jiʼrānah ngonyaka wesishiyagalombili, ngemva kokunqotshwa kweMakkah.
Lokhu kuxhumana kuqhubeka kuphakamisa ubuhle bale nyanga futhi kuyenza ibe yisikhathi esihlotshaniswa nohambo olungcwele oluya eNdlini ka-Allah.
Ungawuhlonipha Kanjani UDhul Qa’dah
Yize zingekho izenzo ezithile ezimisiwe zokukhonza ezikhethekile kuDhul Qa’dah, isimo esingcwele senyanga sibiza umkholwa ukuba:
- Akhulise izenzo ezijwayelekile zokukhonza — njengemithandazo yokuzithandela, ukufundwa kweQuran, nokukhumbula u-Allah (dhikr).
- Aqaphe ulimi nezitho esonweni — azi ukuthi ukweqa umthetho ezinyangeni ezingcwele kunemiphumela emikhulu.
- Aqale ukulungiselela uDhul Ḥijjah — inyanga yeHajj ilandela ngokushesha. Labo abahlose ukwenza iHajj kufanele basebenzise uDhul Qa’dah ukuze balungiselele ngokomoya, ngokwezimali, nangokomzimba.
- Akhulise ukuzila — uMprofethi ⸿ wakhuthaza ukuzila izinyanga ezingcwele jikelele, futhi izazi zinconye ukuzila ngokuzithandela kulesi sikhathi.
- Azindle ngenjongo yempilo — umoya “wokuhlala” nokuma onika le nyanga igama lawo uyisimemo sokuzihlola nokuvuselela ubudlelwane bomuntu no-Allah.
Isango Eliya Ezinsukwini Ezinkulu Kunazo Zonke
UDhul Qa’dah akuyona nje inyanga yokudlulisa — uwumbundu ongcwele. Okuwulandelayo nguDhul Ḥijjah, oqukethe izinsuku eziyishumi ezingcono kunazo zonke zonyaka wonke, uSuku lwe-‘Arafah, nomgubho we-Eid al-Adḥa. Umkholwa ohlonipha uDhul Qa’dah ngokuziqaphela esonweni nangokusondela ku-Allah ungena kulezo zinsuku ezinkulu enenhliziyo ehlanziwe nomphefumulo olungiselelwe.
Sengathi u-Allah angasivumela siphile uDhul Qa’dah ngokubonga, ukuqaphela, nokuzinikela — futhi sifinyelele izinsuku ezibusisiwe zikaDhul Ḥijjah sisesimweni sokulungela okungokomoya.