Usuku lwesi-9 lukaDhul Hijjah — uSuku lwe-Arafah — lumi njengolunye lwezinsuku ezingcwele kakhulu kukhalenda yamaSilamu. Luyisicongo seHajj, nokho isibusiso salo sedlulela kude ngale kwabahambeli abame ethafeni lase-Arafah. KumaSilamu angaphezu kwezigidigidi ezi-1.8 emhlabeni wonke, lolu suku luyisimemo esivela ku-Allah sokuthethelelwa, ukukhululwa eMlilweni, nokusondezwa kuye.
U-Ibn al-Qayyim رحمه الله wathi: "USuku lwe-Arafah luwusuku lokuphelela, udumo, nokusondela ku-Allah."
Izinzuzo ZoSuku lwe-Arafah (ما فضله؟)
USuku lwe-Arafah luhlukaniswe ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezinye izinsuku ngeqoqo elimangalisayo lezipho zaphezulu. Izazi zamaSilamu zikhombe okungenani izibusiso ezinhlanu eziyingqayizivele eziphathelene nalolu suku lodwa:
- U-Allah ukhulula inani elikhulu kunawo wonke labantu eMlilweni — ngaphezu kwanoma yiluphi olunye usuku lonyaka. (Muslim 1348)
- U-Allah uyasondela ezincekwini zakhe aziqhayise ngazo ezingelosini — uphawu lokuziqhenya kwakhe ngalabo abaphendukela kuye.
- Inkolo yamaSilamu yapheleliswa ngalolu suku ngokwembulwa kuka-Al-Ma'idah 5:3 — ivesi elikhulu lokugcina leQuran.
- Ukulizila kususa iminyaka emibili yezono — unyaka owandulelayo nonyaka olulandelayo. (Muslim 1162)
- I-du'a inethemba elikhulu lokuphendulwa ngalolu suku ngaphezu kwanoma yiluphi olunye — uMprofethi ﷺ walubiza ngosuku olungcono kunazo zonke lomthandazo.
U-Ibn Rajab al-Hanbali رحمه الله wabhala: "USuku lwe-Arafah luwusuku olukhulu kunazo zonke lonyaka kulowo ongenzi iHajj, njengoba nje uBusuku be-Qadr buwubusuku obukhulu kunabo bonke bonyaka."
Kusukela eQuran NaseSunnah
1. Usuku Lokuphelela KweDeen
U-Allah ﷻ wembula ivesi lakhe elidume kakhulu ngalolu suku uqobo:
ٱلْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِى وَرَضِيتُ لَكُمُ ٱلْإِسْلَـٰمَ دِينًۭا
"Namuhla ngiphelelise kini inkolo yenu ngaphelelisa umusa wami phezu kwenu futhi ngamukela kini amaSilamu njengenkolo yenu."
(Surah Al-Ma'idah 5:3)
U-'Umar ibn al-Khattab رضي الله عنه walandisa ukuthi indoda engumJuda yeza kuye yathi: "O Mholi waMakholwa, kukhona ivesi eNcwadini yenu okuthi ukube lembulwa kithina, besizothatha lolo suku njengomgubho." U-'Umar waphendula: "Ngiyazi ukuthi lembulwa nini naphi — ngoSuku lwe-Arafah, ngoLwesihlanu." (Bukhari & Muslim)
2. Isifungo Ngokulinganayo Nokungalingani
وَٱلْفَجْرِ وَلَيَالٍ عَشْرٍ وَٱلشَّفْعِ وَٱلْوَتْرِ
"Ngokuntwela kokusa. Nangobusuku obuyishumi. Nangokulinganayo nokungalingani."
(Surah Al-Fajr 89:1–3)
U-Ibn 'Abbas رضي الله عنهما wachaza: "Ubusuku obuyishumi yizinsuku eziyishumi zokuqala zikaDhul Hijjah. Okungalingani uSuku lwe-Arafah, okulinganayo uSuku Lomhlatshelo (Eid al-Adha)." U-Allah ﷻ ufunga ngalolu suku — ubufakazi besikhundla salo esikhulu.
3. Usuku Olukhulu Kunazo Zonke Zonyaka
UMprofethi ﷺ wathi: "Alukho usuku lapho u-Allah akhulula khona izinceku eziningi eMlilweni ngaphezu kwekuSuku lwe-Arafah. Uyasondela, abe esaziqhayisa ezingelosini athi: 'Bafunani laba bantu?'" (Muslim 1348)
4. Ukususwa Kweminyaka Emibili Yezono
UMprofethi ﷺ wathi: "Ukuzila uSuku lwe-Arafah — ngithemba ukuthi u-Allah uyosusa ngalo unyaka owandulelayo nonyaka olulandelayo." (Muslim 1162)
Lokhu kungokwalabo abangenzi iHajj — usuku olulodwa lokuzila olususa iminyaka emibili yezono ezincane. Ayikho indlela elula yokuthethelelwa kuwo wonke unyaka.
5. Insika YeHajj
UMprofethi ﷺ wathi: "IHajj yi-Arafah." (Abu Dawud & Tirmidhi — Sahih)
Ukuma e-Arafah ukugcwalisa ingqikithi yalo lonke uhambo lokwenza umkhuba. Ngaphandle kwakho, ayikho iHajj.
Indlela aBangane Abasichitha Ngayo USuku lwe-Arafah
AbaNgane رضي الله عنهم baqonda ukuthi uYawm Arafah kwakungeyona nje umkhuba — kwakuwukuhlangana no-Allah.
U-'Umar ibn al-Khattab رضي الله عنه
Lapho ivesi lokuphelela kweDeen lembulwa ngalolu suku, u-'Umar wakhala. UMprofethi ﷺ wambuza ukuthi kungani, waphendula: "Ngoba inkolo yethu manje isiphelelisiwe — futhi akukho okuphelele ngaphandle kokuthi kuqala ukwehla." U-'Umar wabona kulolu suku hhayi nje umgubho, kodwa isisindo somthwalo wesibopho.
U-Ibn 'Abbas رضي الله عنهما
Wayenakekela ngokucophelela ekufundiseni abantu izincazelo nezinzuzo zalolu suku. Wachaza izifungo zeQuran, ukubaluleka kobusuku obuyishumi, nezici ezingaphakathi zokuma e-Arafah — eguqula umkhuba ube ukuqonda okungokomoya kuwo wonke umMah.
U-'A'ishah رضي الله عنها
Walandisa ukuthi uMprofethi ﷺ wayezila uSuku lwe-Arafah lapho engenzi iHajj, naye ngokwakhe waqhubeka nalo mkhuba. Waluchaza njengosuku lwe-du'a ne-dhikr enzima — uMprofethi ﷺ wayephakamisa izandla zakhe emthandazweni, ephendukela ku-Allah ngokugxila okuphelele nethemba.
U-'Abdullah ibn 'Umar رضي الله عنهما
Wabuka uMprofethi ﷺ ngoSuku lwe-Arafah ekhona ngokuphelele — ngomzimba nangomphefumulo. U-Ibn 'Umar ngokwakhe wachitha usuku ezila, enza i-du'a, esho i-talbiyah kwaze kwashona ilanga.
Indlela iTabi'een Abaluvuselela Ngayo Lolu Suku
U-Sa'id ibn Jubayr رحمه الله
Phakathi kwabakhulu beTabi'een, wayengayeki i-du'a yakhe kusukela kuDhuhr kuze kushone ilanga — elandela iSunnah kaMprofethi ﷺ owayema enza i-du'a e-Arafah kwaze kwavela izinkanyezi. Wathi: "Ngahlangana naBangane abangamashumi ayisikhombisa beSithunywa sika-Allah ﷺ — bonke bavumelana ukuthi umthandazo ongcono kunayo yonke ngoSuku lwe-Arafah ngu: La ilaha illallah kuphela."
U-Imam Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib رحمه الله
Wayezila izinsuku eziyisishiyagalolunye zokuqala zikaDhul Hijjah unyaka ngamunye ngaphandle kokuphuthelwa, ethi: "Angikaze ngiphuthelwe ukuzila lezi zinsuku eminyakeni engamashumi amane." Kuye, uSuku lwe-Arafah lwaluyisicongo — umzuzu wokufikisa konke ukukhonza kwakhe esicongweni.
U-Imam al-Hasan al-Basri رحمه الله
Wayekhumbuza abafundi bakhe: "I-Arafah ayikona kwalowo nje oma emhlabathini wayo. I-Arafah yisikhundla senhliziyo — yima phambi kuka-Allah ekhaya lakho njengoba abahambeli bema, ngokwephuka okufanayo nethemba."
U-'Ata ibn Abi Rabah رحمه الله
Wayezila lolu suku ngisho efundisa wathi: "Uma indoda yenza i-du'a ngoSuku lwe-Arafah ngenhliziyo eqotho, ibingeke izitholele ukungabaza ukuthi u-Allah uyiphendule."
Imithetho YoSuku lwe-Arafah (أحكام يوم عرفة)
Kulabo Abangenzi iHajj
- Ukuzila kuyiSunnah eqinisekisiwe — uMprofethi ﷺ wayezila njalo lolu suku lapho engenzi iHajj, futhi lususa iminyaka emibili yezono.
- I-dhikr ne-du'a eningi kusukela kuFajr kuze kushone ilanga — ikakhulukazi kusukela kuDhuhr kuze kube uMaghrib, okufanisa isikhathi sokuma e-Arafah.
- I-Takbeer, i-Tahmeed, i-Tahleel, ne-Tasbih — khulisa: Allahu Akbar, Alhamdulillah, La ilaha illallah, SubhanAllah.
- Isadaka nezenzo ezinhle — noma yisiphi isenzo esilungile ezinsukwini eziyishumi zikaDhul Hijjah sithandeka kakhulu ku-Allah ngaphezu kwaso leso senzo kwesinye isikhathi.
- Ukugunda izinwele nezinzipho kuyenyanyeka kusukela kumhla woku-1 kaDhul Hijjah kulabo abahlose ukuhlaba i-Udhiyah. (Muslim 1977)
Kubahambeli Abenza iHajj
- Ukuzila kuyenqatshelwa kumhambeli ngalolu suku — udinga amandla akhe okuma (wuquf).
- Umhambeli kufanele abe khona e-Arafah phakathi kukaDhuhr nokushona kwelanga — lena yinsika (rukn) yeHajj, okuthi ngaphandle kwayo iHajj ayifezeki.
Imithandazo NgoSuku lwe-Arafah (دعاء يوم عرفة)
UMprofethi ﷺ wathi: "Umthandazo ongcono kunayo yonke ngowoSuku lwe-Arafah, futhi okungcono kunakho konke mina nabaProfethi abangaphambi kwami esikushilo yilokhu:"
لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ
Lā ilāha illallāhu waḥdahu lā sharīka lah, lahul mulku wa lahul ḥamdu wa huwa ʿalā kulli shay'in qadīr
"Akekho unkulunkulu ngaphandle kuka-Allah, yedwa, engenamhlanganyeli. Okwakhe umbuso futhi okwakhe konke ukudunyiswa, futhi unamandla phezu kwazo zonke izinto."
(Tirmidhi 3585 — Hasan)
Phinda lokhu kaningi — ikakhulukazi phakathi kukaDhuhr noMaghrib. U-Sa'id ibn Jubayr رحمه الله wathi aBangane abangamashumi ayisikhombisa bavumelana ukuthi lena yi-dhikr enkulu kunazo zonke zosuku.
Yokuthethelelwa
اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّكَ عَفُوٌّ كَرِيمٌ تُحِبُّ الْعَفْوَ فَاعْفُ عَنِّي
Allāhumma innaka ʿafuwwun karīmun tuḥibbul ʿafwa faʿfu ʿannī
"O Allah, ungoThethelelayo noPhanayo, uyakuthanda ukuthethelela, ngakho ngithethelele."
Yokuhle Kuleli Zwe Nakwelizayo
رَبَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ
Rabbanā ātinā fid-dunyā ḥasanatan wa fil-ākhirati ḥasanatan wa qinā ʿadhāban-nār
"Nkosi yethu, siphe okuhle kuleli zwe nokuhle kweLizayo, futhi usivikele esijezisweni soMlilo."
(Al-Baqarah 2:201 — i-du'a eyayishiwo kakhulu uMprofethi ﷺ)
Yokuvikelwa eMlilweni
اللَّهُمَّ أَجِرْنِي مِنَ النَّارِ
Allāhumma ajirni minan-nār
"O Allah, ngivikele eMlilweni."
(Phinda izikhathi ezi-7 — Abu Dawud 5079)
Yomphakathi (Ummah)
Ungakhohlwa ukwenza i-du'a ngomndeni wakho, abazali bakho, abagulayo, labo abasenkingeni, nawo wonke umMah wamaSilamu — ikakhulukazi labo abahluphekayo emhlabeni wonke. I-du'a yomSilamu ngomfowabo engekho iyaphendulwa. (Muslim 2732)
Iseluleko esisebenzayo: Bhala phansi ama-du'a akho ngaphambi kosuku. Lapho uDhuhr engena, beka eceleni ifoni yakho, thola indawo ethule, phakamisa izandla zakho, ukhulume no-Allah ngqo — ngamazwi akho, nganoma yiluphi ulimi, kusuka enhliziyweni yakho.
Yini Okufanele Siyenze Ngalolu Suku
1. Zila
Qala ukuzila kwakho kusukela kuFajr. Lesi senzo esisodwa siphethe umvuzo wokususwa kweminyaka emibili. Ayikho indlela elula yokuthethelelwa.
2. Gcwalisa Usuku Nge-Dhikr
Khulisa lokhu okulandelayo kusukela kuFajr kuyo yonke imini:
- Lā ilāha illallāhu waḥdahu lā sharīka lah, lahul mulku wa lahul ḥamdu wa huwa ʿalā kulli shay'in qadīr
- SubhanAllah · Alhamdulillah · Allahu Akbar · La ilaha illallah
3. Yenza i-Du'a Kusukela kuDhuhr Kuze Kube uMaghrib
Leli windi lifanisa isikhathi sokuma e-Arafah. Yenza umthandazo oqotho, ogxilile — ngawe, ngomndeni wakho, nangoMmah. Amasango ezulu avuleke kakhulu.
4. Phenduka Ngobuqotho
Woza nezono zakho uzishiye emnyango wesihe sakhe. U-Allah uyasondela ngalolu suku — ungaluvumeli ludlule ungaphendukeli kuye.
5. Nikela Ngesadaka
Noma yisiphi isenzo esilungile kulezi zinsuku siyaphindaphindwa. Ngisho ne-sadaka encane iphethe isisindo esimangalisayo.
6. Hlanganisa Umndeni Wakho
Hlanganisa umndeni wakho ngomzuzu we-du'a ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga. Shayela amalungu omndeni angekho. Yenza lolu usuku oluzwakala luhlukile — ngoba lunjalo.
Ukuzindla Kokugcina
USuku lwe-Arafah lusifundisa iqiniso elijulile: ukuthi u-Allah akalindi ukuba siphelele. Ukhulula abantu eMlilweni ngalolu suku — izixuku zabo — hhayi ngoba bakuzuzile, kodwa ngoba baphendukela kuye. Umnyango uvuliwe. Isimemo sithunyelwe.
UMprofethi ﷺ wama e-Arafah wakhala emthandazweni njengoba ilanga lishona. AbaNgane bema naye, bekhala, becela, bethemba.
Singenzi singekho e-Arafah kulo nyaka. Kodwa singama phambi kuka-Allah noma yikuphi lapho sikhona — ngesidingo esifanayo, ithemba elifanayo, nesiqiniseko esifanayo sokuthi uyezwa.
وَإِذَا سَأَلَكَ عِبَادِى عَنِّى فَإِنِّى قَرِيبٌ ۖ أُجِيبُ دَعْوَةَ ٱلدَّاعِ إِذَا دَعَانِ
"Futhi lapho izinceku zami zikubuza ngami — ngempela ngiseduze. Ngiyaphendula isimemezo somemezi lapho engimemeza."
(Al-Baqarah 2:186)
Sebenzisa kahle usuku lwesi-9 lukaDhul Hijjah. Kungenzeka lube usuku impilo yakho eshintsha ngalo.