Ubuwazi yini ukuthi kukhona izinsuku onyakeni lapho imivuzo iphindaphindwa, imithandazo iphendulwa, namasango okuphenduka avulwa kakhulu? Izinsuku ezingcwele kangangokuthi u-Allah, oPhakeme Kakhulu, wafunga ngazo eNcwadini yakhe engunaphakade? Lezi yizinsuku eziyishumi zokuqala zika-Dhul Hijjah — izinsuku ezingcono kunazo zonke ebusweni bomhlaba.
Isifungo Saphezulu Sika-Allah Ngalezi Zinsuku
U-Allah wazihlonipha lezi zinsuku ngodumo olukhulu kakhulu — isifungo eQuran ngokwayo. Uthi kuSurah Al-Fajr:
"Ngokuntwela kokusa. Nangobusuku obuyishumi."
(Surah Al-Fajr, 89:1–2)
Umngane omkhulu u-'Abdullah ibn 'Abbas (u-Allah makajabule ngaye), kanye neningi lezazi zokuhumusha iQuran, baqinisekisa: "Ubusuku obuyishumi yizinsuku eziyishumi zokuqala zikaDhul Hijjah." U-Allah akafungi ngalutho ngaphandle uma luwubukhulu nobuhle obukhulu.
Uphinde akhulume ngalezi zinsuku endabeni yeHajj:
"…futhi nikhumbule igama lika-Allah ezinsukwini ezimisiwe."
(Surah Al-Hajj, 22:28)
U-Ibn 'Abbas wachaza ukuthi "izinsuku ezimisiwe" yizinsuku eziyishumi zikaDhul Hijjah — izinsuku lapho imikhuba yeHajj ifinyelela esicongweni futhi abahambeli behlangana bevela kuyo yonke imikhandlu yezintaba ekude.
Ubufakazi BukaMprofethi ﷺ
Ukuhlonishwa kwalezi zinsuku yiQuran kwakunganele — uMprofethi ﷺ weza ezosembulela, ngamazwi akhe abusisiwe, ukuthi kungani zikhethekile kangaka. U-Ibn 'Abbas (u-Allah makajabule ngaye) walandisa ukuthi iSithunywa sika-Allah ﷺ sathi:
"Azikho izinsuku lapho izenzo ezilungile zithandeka khona ku-Allah ngaphezu kwalezi zinsuku" — okusho izinsuku eziyishumi zikaDhul Hijjah. Bathi: "O Sithunywa sika-Allah, ngisho ne-jihad endleleni ka-Allah?" Sathi: "Ngisho ne-jihad endleleni ka-Allah — ngaphandle kwendoda ephuma nempilo yayo nengcebo yayo ibuye ingenalutho kukho kokubili."
(Sahih al-Bukhari, 969)
Zindla ngesisindo saleli hadithi. I-jihad — ukulwela endleleni ka-Allah — kuthathwa njengesicongo somkhuba wamaSilamu. Nokho izenzo ezilungile ezenziwa kulezi zinsuku eziyishumi zithandeka kakhulu ku-Allah ngaphezu nakwalokho. Okuwukuphela kokuhlukile ngulowo onikela ngakho konke — impilo yakhe nengcebo yakhe — angabuyi. Lobu ubuhle obungaphezu kwencazelo.
Kungani Lezi Yizinsuku Ezinkulu Kunazo Zonke?
Isazi esikhulu u-Imam Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani wabhala ku-Fath al-Bari: "Okubonakala kuyimbangela yokukhetheka kwezinsuku eziyishumi zikaDhul Hijjah ukuthi zihlanganisa izenzo zokukhonza ezinkulu kunazo zonke — umthandazo, ukuzila, isadaka, neHajj — futhi lokhu akwenzeki kwenye inkathi."
Lezi zinsuku eziyishumi zihlanganisa phakathi kwazo:
- IHajj — insika yesihlanu yamaSilamu, eyenziwa kulezi zinsuku uqobo
- Ukuzila — ikakhulukazi ukuzila kosuku lwe-'Arafah
- Umthandazo nokukhumbula — kufaka umthandazo we-Eid ne-takbirat yalezi zinsuku
- Isadaka nomhlatshelo — umkhuba we-Eid al-Adha
Akumangazi-ke, ukuthi ziyizinsuku ezithandeka kakhulu ku-Allah. Ziyisikhathi esikhethekile sokukhonza, sokusondela koPhezulu.
Izenzo Ezingcono Ongazenza Kulezi Zinsuku Eziyishumi
1. Ukuzila — Ikakhulukazi Ngosuku lwe-'Arafah
UHafsa (u-Allah makajabule ngaye) walandisa: "Kukhona izinto ezine uMprofethi ﷺ angazange aziyeke: ukuzila nge-'Ashura, ukuzila izinsuku eziyishumi, izinsuku ezintathu zenyanga ngayinye, nama-rak'ah amabili ngaphambi kuka-Fajr." (Ahmad no-al-Nasa'i)
Usuku lwesishiyagalolunye — uSuku lwe-'Arafah — luphethe isikhundla esiphakeme ngokukhethekile. UMprofethi ﷺ wathi:
"Ukuzila uSuku lwe-'Arafah — ngithemba ku-Allah ukuthi luyosusa izono zonyaka olwandulelayo nonyaka olulandelayo."
(Sahih Muslim, 1162)
Usuku olulodwa lokuzila, kanti iminyaka emibili egcwele yezono iyasulwa. Ukhona yini umsebenzi onenzuzo ngaphezu kwalo? Lolu futhi usuku u-Allah aphelelisa ngalo inkolo yakhe waphelelisa umusa wakhe phezu kwethu, njengoba amemezela:
"Namuhla ngiphelelise kini inkolo yenu ngaphelelisa umusa wami phezu kwenu futhi ngamukela kini amaSilamu njengenkolo."
(Surah Al-Ma'idah, 5:3)
2. Ukukhumbula Okuningi, i-Takbir, Nokudumisa
U-Allah wasiyala ukuba simkhumbule kulezi zinsuku ezibusisiwe:
"Futhi nikhumbule u-Allah ezinsukwini [ezithile] ezibaliwe."
(Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:203)
U-'Abdullah ibn 'Umar (u-Allah makajabule ngaye) walandisa ukuthi uMprofethi ﷺ wathi:
"Azikho izinsuku ezinkulu emehlweni ka-Allah, lapho izenzo ezilungile zithandeka khona kakhulu kuye, ngaphezu kwalezi zinsuku eziyishumi. Ngakho khulisani kuzo ukusho kwenu i-tahlil (lā ilāha illallāh), i-takbir (Allahu Akbar), ne-tahmid (Alhamdulillah)."
(Musnad Ahmad, 5446 — kuqinisekiswe ngu-al-Albani)
Abangane (u-Allah makajabule ngabo bonke) babesho i-takbir obala ezimakethe nasezitaladini, bevuselela lo mkhuba omkhulu. Amazwi okuwasho:
Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, lā ilāha illallāh, Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, wa lillāhil hamd.
3. Ukuphenduka Ngobuqotho
Lezi zinsuku ziyithuba elikhulu kunoma ngubani osewele esonweni ukuba abuyele eNkosini yakhe ngenhliziyo eqotho nezisolayo. U-Allah uthi:
"Futhi phendukelani ku-Allah ngokuphenduka, nonke, O makholwa, ukuze niphumelele."
(Surah An-Nur, 24:31)
UMprofethi ﷺ wathi: "U-Allah welula isandla sakhe ebusuku ukuze labo abone emini baphenduke, futhi welula isandla sakhe emini ukuze labo abone ebusuku baphenduke." (Sahih Muslim, 2759) Kanjani-ke, ezinsukwini ezithandeka kakhulu zonyaka wonke?
4. Isadaka, Ukugcina Ubudlelwane Bobuhlobo, Nezenzo Ezinhle
Ubuhle balezi zinsuku abukhawulelwe ekukhonzeni komkhuba kuphela — sonke isenzo esilungile siyaphindaphindwa. UMprofethi ﷺ wathi: "Izenzo ezilungile kuzo zithandeka kakhulu ku-Allah." (Sahih al-Bukhari, 969)
Phakela umakhelwane. Shayela isihlobo ucingo. Nikela ngesandla esivulekile kwabaswele. Siza umuntu osenkingeni. Sonke isenzo esisodwa esihle kulezi zinsuku siphethe isisindo esimangalisayo emehlweni ka-Allah.
5. Umhlatshelo (Udhiyah) nge-Eid al-Adha
Phakathi kwezenzo zokukhonza ezinkulu kakhulu kulesi sikhathi esibusisiwe i-udhiyah — umhlatshelo wesilwane — ngomhla weshumi kaDhul Hijjah, uSuku lwe-Eid. U-Allah uthi:
"Ngakho thandaza eNkosini yakho uhlabe [kuyo yodwa]."
(Surah Al-Kawthar, 108:2)
U-'A'ishah (u-Allah makajabule ngaye) walandisa ukuthi uMprofethi ﷺ wathi: "Indodana ka-Adamu ayenzi noma yisiphi isenzo ngoSuku Lomhlatshelo esithandeka kakhulu ku-Allah ngaphezu kokuchitha igazi. Liyofika ngoSuku Lokuvuka nezimpondo zalo, izinwele zalo, nezinselo zalo, futhi igazi lifinyelela ekwamukelweni ngu-Allah ngaphambi kokuwela emhlabathini." (Sunan al-Tirmidhi, 1493 — kubekwe njenge-hasan)
USuku lwe-'Arafah — Umqhele Wazo Zonke Izinsuku
Usuku lwesishiyagalolunye lukaDhul Hijjah lungoluhloniphekile kunazo eziyishumi futhi lungolukhulu kunazo zonke zonyaka wonke. Ngalolu suku, abahambeli bema ethafeni lase-'Arafah esigcawini esingafani nesinye — bebiza iNkosi yabo, bekhala phambi kwayo — kanti u-Allah wehlela ezulwini eliphansi kakhulu aziqhayise ngabo ezingelosini zakhe.
UMprofethi ﷺ wathi:
"Alukho usuku lapho u-Allah akhulula khona abantu abaningi eMlilweni ngaphezu kwekuSuku lwe-'Arafah. Uyasondela, abe esaziqhayisa ngabo ezingelosini, ethi: 'Bafunani laba bantu?'"
(Sahih Muslim, 1348)
USuku lwe-'Arafah luwusuku lweHajj uqobo — uMprofethi ﷺ wamemezela: "IHajj yi-'Arafah." (Ahmad no-al-Tirmidhi) Noma ngubani ongenzi iHajj usengakwazi ukuhlanganyela ezibusisweni zayo ngokuzila — ukuzila okukodwa okususa izono zeminyaka emibili.
Umhlahlandlela Osebenzayo: Ungazitshala Kanjani Lezi Zinsuku Eziyishumi
| Usuku | Izenzo Ezinconywayo |
|---|---|
| Izinsuku 1–8 | Ukuzila · I-Takbir ne-dhikr · Ukufunda iQuran · Isadaka · Ukugcina ubuhlobo · Umthandazo omningi |
| USuku lwe-'Arafah (9) | Ukuzila (usuku olubaluleke kakhulu kwabangahambeli) · Umthandazo nokuthobeka · Ukuphenduka nokucela intethelelo · Ukukhumbula u-Allah ngokujulile |
| USuku lwe-Eid (10) | Umthandazo we-Eid · Umhlatshelo wesilwane (udhiyah) · I-Takbirat ye-Eid · Ukulethela injabulo umndeni nabampofu |
Inothi Elibalulekile: Ukuyeka Izinwele Nezinzipho
U-Umm Salamah (u-Allah makajabule ngaye) walandisa ukuthi uMprofethi ﷺ wathi:
"Lapho izinsuku eziyishumi zingena futhi omunye wenu ehlose ukuhlaba, makangathinti noma yiziphi izinwele zakhe noma isikhumba sakhe."
(Sahih Muslim, 1977)
Noma ngubani ohlose ukunikela nge-udhiyah kufanele ayeke ukugunda izinwele zakhe noma ukunqamula izinzipho zakhe kusukela ekuqaleni kukaDhul Hijjah kuze kube ngemva kokwenziwa komhlatshelo.
Ungavumeli Lesi Sikhathi Sikweqe
Leli zwe liyedlula, impilo imfushane, futhi lezi zinsuku zibuya kanye kuphela ngonyaka. U-Ibn al-Qayyim (u-Allah makamhawukele) wathi: "Lezi zinsuku ziyizinsuku zokukhuthazela nokwenza. Akufanele umuntu onengqondo ephilile avumele ngisho umzuzwana owodwa udlule kokunye ngaphandle kokulalela nokusondela ku-Allah."
Lezi zinsuku eziyishumi ziyisipho saphezulu. INkosi yawo wonke amazwe ikuvulela kuzo umnyango wesihe nentethelelo ongafani nanoma yisiphi esinye isikhathi sonyaka. Yenza inhloso yakho manje: zila izinsuku eziyishumi ozikhonayo, khulisa ukukhumbula nokudumisa kwakho, nikela ngesandla esivulekile ngesadaka, cela intethelelo uphenduke ngobuqotho, ube muhle kulabo abakuzungezile. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, gcina ukuzila koSuku lwe-'Arafah — ngoba lususa izono zeminyaka emibili.
U-Allah uthi ekuphethweni kwamavesi eHajj:
"…futhi yenzani okuhle, ukuze niphumelele."
(Surah Al-Hajj, 22:77)
Sicela u-Allah oNgcwele, iNkosi yeSihlalo Sobukhosi Esingcwele, ukuba asivumele sifinyelele lezi zinsuku ezibusisiwe sisempilweni enhle, asisize sizigcwalise ngezenzo ezinhle kakhulu, futhi asamukele kithi nakini izenzo zethu ezilungile. Ameen.