Umprofethi ngamunye, amaSulumane akholwa, wanikwa isimangaliso esasikhuluma emandleni abantu bakhe. Ngesikhathi sikaMose, umlingo wawuphethwe kahle, ngakho isimangaliso sakhe sanqoba abalingi. Ngesikhathi sikaJesu, ubudokotela babuxatshelwe, ngakho welapha izimpumputhe nabanochoko ngemvume kaNkulunkulu. Ngesikhathi sikaMuhammad ﷺ, ama-Arabhu ayengabaphathi abangenamqhudelwano bolimi nezinkondlo. Ngakho isimangaliso sakhe kwakungeyona induku noma isandla sokwelapha, kodwa incwadi: iQur'an.
Iyini IQur'an?
IQur'an iwumbhalo ongcwele we-Islam, kumaSulumane, izwi elingokoqobo, elingashintshiwe likaNkulunkulu, elembulwa kuMprofethi uMuhammad ﷺ ngengelosi uGabriyeli phakathi kweminyaka engaphezu kwengamashumi amabili nantathu. Ayikho incwadi yempilo kaMprofethi ﷺ, futhi ayibhalwanga nguye. AmaSulumane akholwa ukuthi wayengumamukeli wayo, hhayi umbhali wayo.
"Le yiNcwadi okungekho kungabaza ngayo, isiqondiso kubo abaqwashisayo ngo-Allah."
(Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:2)
Incwadi Egcinwe Igama Negama
Mhlawumbe iqiniso eliphawuleka kakhulu ngeQur'an ukugcinwa kwayo. Kusukela emzuzwini ivesi ngalinye lembulwa, labhalwa phansi ngababhali futhi lafundwa ngenhliziyo. Kuze kube namuhla, izigidi zamaSulumane, zawo wonke umbala nesizwe, abaningi bawo abangasikhulumi ngisho isi-Arabhu, bafunde iQur'an yonke ngenhliziyo, igama negama. Ingane eNigeria, ixhegu e-Indonesia, nomfundi eGibhithe bazoyifunda ngokufanayo.
Lokhu akuyona ingozi. UNkulunkulu ngokwakhe wathembisa ukuyilonda:
"Ngempela, yithi esehlisela phansi isiKhumbuzo, futhi ngempela, sizoba umlondi waso."
(Surah Al-Hijr, 15:9)
Umphumela ukuthi iQur'an efundwa namuhla, iyona kanye, uhlamvu nohlamvu, umbhalo owawufundwa nguMprofethi ﷺ eminyakeni engaphezu kweyikhulu namashumi amane edlule.
Yahlanganiswa Kanjani IQur'an
Umbuzo abangewona amaSulumane abavame ukuwubuza yilona: incwadi eyembulwa ingxenye nengxenye, phakathi kweminyaka engamashumi amabili nantathu, yafinyelela kanjani ekubeni yincwadi eyodwa esiyibambe namuhla? Impendulo ingumlando obhaliwe wezigaba ezintathu.
- Ngesikhathi sempilo kaMprofethi ﷺ: Njengoba ingcaphuno ngayinye yembulwa, uMprofethi ﷺ wayeyibiza kubabhali, ababeyibhala phansi kunoma yikuphi okwakutholakala, isikhumba, ithambo, futhi ecacisa ukuthi ivesi ngalinye limi kuphi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abalandeli abaningi bafunda iQur'an yonke ngenhliziyo. Ngakho kusukela ekuqaleni, yayikhona ngezindlela ezimbili ngasikhathi sinye: ibhaliwe futhi ifundwa ngekhanda.
- Ngaphansi kuka-Abu Bakr: Ngemva kokushona kukaMprofethi ﷺ, impi yathatha izimpilo zabaningi ababefunde iQur'an ngenhliziyo. Esaba ukulahleka, ukhalifa wokuqala, u-Abu Bakr (u-Allah akakholise ngaye), wayala ukuthi imibhalo esakazekile iqoqwe ibe ikhophi eyodwa eqinisekisiwe, ivesi ngalinye lihlolwa nemibhalo nezinkumbulo zabafundi.
- Ngaphansi kuka-Uthman: Njengoba i-Islam yasabalala emazweni amaningi, ukhalifa wesithathu, u-Uthman (u-Allah akakholise ngaye), wenza amakhophi asemthethweni evela kuleyo master wawathumela emadolobheni amakhulu, elinganisa umbhalo yonke indawo ukuze kungangeni umehluko. Eminye yaleyo mibhalo yakuqala isekhona emamnyuziyamu kuze kube namuhla.
Kuyo yonke leyo nkathi, umbhalo obhaliwe awuzange wehlukaniswe nesiko eliphilayo lokufunda ngenhliziyo, okubili kwakugcinana. Yilokhu kugcinwa okuphindwe kabili, okuhlolwa futhi kuhlolwe abalandeli ababezwe iQur'an kuMprofethi ﷺ mathupha, okunika amaSulumane ukuzethemba embhalweni.
Inselele: Khiqizani Okufana Nayo
IQur'an ayigcini nje ngokusho ukuthi ivela kuNkulunkulu, ibeka lelo qiniso enselelweni evulekile, elingahlolwa, kubo bonke abantu. Uma ingumsebenzi womuntu, iyaphikisa, khona-ke akube khona umuntu oyifanisayo. Leyo nselele yehliswa ngezigaba, ngasinye sincane kunesangaphambili, kwaze kwahlala ekukhiqizeni isahluko esisodwa:
"Futhi uma nisekungabazeni ngalokho esikwehlisele phezu kweNceku yethu, khiqizani isahluko esifana naso, futhi nibize ofakazi benu ngaphandle kuka-Allah, uma niqinisile."
(Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:23)
IQur'an iyakubikezela ngisho ukuthi le nselele ayisoze yahlangatshezwa:
"Ithi: Uma abantu namajinni bengahlangana ukukhiqiza okufana naleQur'an, abasoze bakwazi ukukhiqiza okufana nayo, ngisho noma bengabasizi omunye komunye."
(Surah Al-Isra, 17:88)
Kuma-Arabhu ekhulu lesi-7, kanye laba bantu ababeziqhenya ngobuciko ngaphezu kwakho konke, ababenaso sonke isizathu sokuchitha uMprofethi ﷺ, lena kwakuyinselele eqondile ebuphathini babo. Umlando ubhala ukuthi behlulekile ukuyihlangabeza.
Incwadi Engenakuphikisana
IQur'an iyamema ukuhlolwa kokungaphikisani kwayo, okuyisimangaliso encwadini elethwe ngezigaba phakathi kweminyaka engamashumi amabili nantathu, ngezimo eziguqukayo futhi ezivame ukuba nzima:
"Ngakho abazindli yini ngeQur'an? Ukube yayivela komunye ngaphandle kuka-Allah, babengathola kuyo ukuphikisana okuningi."
(Surah An-Nisa, 4:82)
Isiqondiso Sabo Bonke Abantu
Nakuba yembulwa ngesi-Arabhu, iQur'an iziveza hhayi njengempahla yesizwe esisodwa kodwa njengesiqondiso sabo bonke abantu. Ikhuluma emibuzweni ejulile yabantu (Savela kuphi? Sikhonani lapha? Kwenzekani ngemva kokufa?) futhi iyiphendula ngombono ovumelanayo womkhathi onenjongo owadalwa uNkulunkulu onomusa.
Ikhomba njalo umfundi endaweni yemvelo, ukushintshana kobusuku nemini, ukuphakanyiswa kwezintaba, ukuhlangana nokwehlukana kwezilwandle, izigaba zokukhula komuntu esibelethweni, iyethula njenge-āyāt, "izimpawu," ezikhomba ngale kwazo kuMdali wazo. (Sihlola lezi zimpawu ezahlukweni ezilandelayo zalo mhlahlandlela.)
"Sizobakhombisa izimpawu zethu emikhawulweni yezwe nangaphakathi kubo baze bakubone ukuthi kuyiqiniso."
(Surah Fussilat, 41:53)
Okunye Ongakufunda
- The Qur'an. Funda ngokwakho, nenguqulo nokufundwa.
- Sahih al-Bukhari & Sahih Muslim. Amaqoqo amabili aqinisekiswe kakhulu ezinkulumeni zikaMprofethi ﷺ.
- Riyad as-Salihin (Imam an-Nawawi), iqoqo elithandekayo lama-hadith ngokholo, isimilo, nokukhonza.
- The Sealed Nectar (Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum), indaba yempilo kaMprofethi ﷺ ewine imiklomelo.
- Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources. Martin Lings. impilo yakhe esekelwe emithonjeni yakuqala.
Qhubeka Ngohambo Lwakho
Ingxenye yo-Mhlahlandlela Ophelele Wokuqonda I-Islam .