Phakathi kweenyanga ezilishumi elinesibini zekhalenda yenyanga yamaSilamsi, ezine zihloniphwe nguAllah ngesikhundla esingcwele. Zaziwa ngokuba yi-Ashḥur al-Ḥurum — iiNyanga Ezingcwele — kwaye zezi: uDhul Qa'dah, uDhul Ḥijjah, uMuharram, noRajab. UDhul Qa'dah yinyanga yeshumi elinanye yonyaka wamaSilamsi kwaye yeyokuqala kwiinyanga ezintathu ezingcwele ezilandelelanayo, ilandelwa nguDhul Ḥijjah noMuharram.
Intsingiselo Yegama
Igama elithi Dhul Qa'dah (ذو القعدة) livela kwingcambu yesiArabhu ethi qa'ada, ethetha "ukuhlala" okanye "ukusala." Ngokwembali, ama-Arabhu exesha langaphambi kwe-Islam ayeyeka yonke imfazwe nengxabano kule nyanga. Ayeye "ahlale" — abeka phantsi izixhobo zawo aze aphumle ebunzimeni bedabi — elungiselela ixesha lohambo olungcwele elalilandela kuDhul Ḥijjah.
Esi sithethe soxolo sasingekhona nje esenkcubeko; sasingumyalelo kaThixo owaqinisekiswa waza waqhutyekiswa yi-Islam.
Isikhundla Esingcwele SikaDhul Qa'dah
UAllah, oPhakamileyo, uthi kwiQuran:
"Inene, inani leenyanga ku-Allah lilishumi elinesibini [leenyanga zenyanga] kwincwadi ka-Allah [ukususela] kwimini awadala ngayo amazulu nomhlaba; kuzo, ezine zingcwele."
(Surah At-Tawbah, 9:36)
UMprofeti ﷺ waqinisekisa ukuba zeziphi ezi nyanga:
"Unyaka uziinyanga ezilishumi elinesibini, ezine zazo zingcwele: iinyanga ezintathu ezilandelelanayo — uDhul Qa'dah, uDhul Ḥijjah, noMuharram — kunye [nenyanga eyodwa] uRajab."
(Sahih al-Bukhari, 3197; Sahih Muslim, 1679)
Isikhundla esingcwele sezi nyanga sithetha ukuba isono esenziwa kuzo sinzima ngakumbi kunesono esenziwa ngamanye amaxesha, kwaye izenzo ezilungileyo zithwala ubunzima nomvuzo omkhulu ngakumbi.
Inyanga Yoxolo Nokupheliswa Kwengxabano
Enye yeempawu eziphawula uDhul Qa'dah kukwalelwa kokuqala uhlaselo. Izifundiswa ze-Islam ziphawule ukuba nangona imfazwe yokuzikhusela ingaze yalelwe, ukuqalisa amaphulo okuhlasela ngeenyanga ezingcwele yayiyinto eyayikuqhelaniso ukuphetywa ngenxa yembeko yobungcwele bazo.
Le nyanga ikhumbuza ikholwa ukuba uxolo, uzinzo, nokuyeka ingxabano zizixabiso ezizinze nzulu kwimbono yamaSilamsi. Kwihlabathi eligcwele ingxabano, uDhul Qa'dah sisimemo sikaThixo sokuma, ucamngce, uze ubuyele kwimeko yokuzola ngaphakathi nangaphandle.
UDhul Qa'dah Ne-Umrah YoMprofeti ﷺ
Unxulumano olubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo kule nyanga kukuba uMprofeti ﷺ wenza zonke ii-Umrah zakhe ezintathu ngoDhul Qa'dah:
- Eyokuqala yayiyi-Umrat al-Ḥudaybiyyah kunyaka wesithandathu emva kweHijra, eyavinjelwa ngamaQuraysh kodwa yaphumela kwiSivumelwano saseHudaybiyyah.
- Eyesibini yayiyi-Umrat al-Qaḍā' kunyaka wesixhenxe, izalisekisa imimiselo yesivumelwano.
- Eyesithathu yayiyi-Umrat al-Jiʼrānah kunyaka wesibhozo, emva koloyiso lweMakkah.
Olu nxulumano luphakamisa ngokungaphezulu isidima sale nyanga luze luyenze ixesha elinxulunyaniswa nohambo olungcwele olusinga eNdlwini ka-Allah.
Indlela Yokuhlonipha UDhul Qa'dah
Nangona kungekho zenzo zonqulo ezithile ezimiselweyo ezikaDhul Qa'dah kuphela, ubungcwele bale nyanga bubiza ikholwa ukuba:
- Landise izenzo zonqulo ngokubanzi — njengemithandazo yokuzithandela, ukucengcelezwa kweQuran, nokukhumbula uAllah (dhikr).
- Linda ulwimi namalungu esono — usazi ukuba ukona kwiinyanga ezingcwele kunemiphumo emikhulu ngakumbi.
- Qala ukulungiselela uDhul Ḥijjah — inyanga yeHajj ilandela kwangoko. Abo bacwangcisa ukwenza iHajj bamele basebenzise uDhul Qa'dah ukuzilungiselela ngokomoya, ngezimali, nangokomzimba.
- Yandisa ukuzila — uMprofeti ﷺ wakhuthaza ukuzila iinyanga ezingcwele ngokubanzi, kwaye izifundiswa zicebise ukuzila ngokuzithandela ngeli xesha.
- Camngca ngenjongo yobomi — umoya "wokuhlala" nokuma onika inyanga igama layo sisimemo sokuzicamngca nokuhlaziya ubudlelwane bakho no-Allah.
Isango Elisinga Kwiintsuku Ezinkulu
UDhul Qa'dah asiyiyo nje inyanga yotshintsho — ngumnyango ongcwele. Oku kulandelayo nguDhul Ḥijjah, oqulethe iintsuku ezilishumi ezilungileyo zawo wonke unyaka, uSuku lwe-'Arafah, nombhiyozo we-Eid al-Adḥa. Ikholwa elihlonipha uDhul Qa'dah ngokuzilinda esonweni lize lisondele ku-Allah lingena kwezo ntsuku zinkulu ngentliziyo ehlanjululiweyo nomphefumlo olungiselelweyo.
Wanga uAllah angasivumela siphile uDhul Qa'dah ngombulelo, ngokuqaphela, nangokuzinikela — size sifikelele kwiintsuku ezisikelelweyo zikaDhul Ḥijjah kwimeko yokulunga ngokomoya.