Owesithoba kaDhul Hijjah — uSuku lwe-Arafah — ngolunye lwezona ntsuku zingcwele ekhalendeni yamaSilamsi. Lincopho yeHajj, kanti intsikelelo yalo yanaba ngaphaya kwabahambi bendlela abema kumathafa e-Arafah. Kubantu abangaphezu kwe-1.8 yebhiliyoni bamaSilamsi kwihlabathi liphela, olu suku sisimemo esivela ku-Allah sokuxolelwa, ukukhululwa eMlilweni, nokusondezwa kuYe.
UIbn al-Qayyim رحمه الله wathi: "Usuku lwe-Arafah lusuku lokugqitywa, imbeko, nokusondela ku-Allah."
Iingenelo ZoSuku lwe-Arafah (ما فضله؟)
Usuku lwe-Arafah luyahluka ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezinye iintsuku ngengqokelela emangalisayo yezipho zikaThixo. Izifundiswa ze-Islam zichonge ubuncinane iintsikelelo ezintlanu ezikhethekileyo ezizezolu suku kuphela:
- UAllah ukhulula elona nani likhulu labantu eMlilweni — ngaphezu kwalo naluphi na olunye usuku lonyaka. (Muslim 1348)
- UAllah usondela kubakhonzi baKhe aze aziqhayise ngabo kwiingelosi — uphawu lwebhongo laKhe kwabo babuyela kuYe.
- Inkolo ye-Islam yagqitywa ngolu suku ngokutyhilwa kwe-Al-Ma'idah 5:3 — eyona vesi yokugqibela inkulu yeQuran.
- Ukuluzila kucima iminyaka emibini yezono — unyaka ophambili nonyaka olandelayo. (Muslim 1162)
- I-Du'a inethuba elikhulu lokuphendulwa ngolu suku kunanini na — uMprofeti ﷺ walubiza njengolona suku lulungileyo lomthandazo.
UIbn Rajab al-Hanbali رحمه الله wabhala: "Usuku lwe-Arafah lolona suku lukhulu lonyaka kulowo ongenzi iHajj, kanye njengoko uBusuku beQadr bobona busuku bukhulu bonyaka."
KwiQuran neSunnah
1. Usuku Lokugqitywa Kwe-Deen
UAllah ﷻ watyhila eyona vesi yaKhe ibalaseleyo kanye ngolu suku:
ٱلْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِى وَرَضِيتُ لَكُمُ ٱلْإِسْلَـٰمَ دِينًۭا
"Namhlanje ndiyigqibelele inkolo yenu ndaza ndaphelelisa ububele bam kuni ndaza ndanamkelela i-Islam njengenkolo yenu."
(Surah Al-Ma'idah 5:3)
U-'Umar ibn al-Khattab رضي الله عنه wathi indoda engumYuda yeza kuye yathi: "Owu Mphathi wamaKholwa, kukho ivesi kwiNcwadi yenu ethi, ukuba yayityhilelwe thina, sasiya kuluthatha olo suku njengombhiyozo." U-'Umar waphendula: "Ndiyazi ukuba yatyhilwa nini naphi na — ngoSuku lwe-Arafah, ngoLwesihlanu." (Bukhari & Muslim)
2. Isifungo Sokulinganayo Nokungalinganiyo
وَٱلْفَجْرِ وَلَيَالٍ عَشْرٍ وَٱلشَّفْعِ وَٱلْوَتْرِ
"Ngokusa. Nangobusuku obulishumi. Ngokulinganayo nokungalinganiyo."
(Surah Al-Fajr 89:1–3)
UIbn 'Abbas رضي الله عنهما wachaza: "Ubusuku obulishumi ziintsuku ezilishumi zokuqala zikaDhul Hijjah. Okungalinganiyo lusuku lwe-Arafah, kwaye okulinganayo lusuku lweDini (Eid al-Adha)." UAllah ﷻ ufunga ngolu suku — ubungqina besidima salo esikhulu.
3. Olona Suku Lukhulu Lonyaka
UMprofeti ﷺ wathi: "Akukho suku apho uAllah akhulula abakhonzi abaninzi eMlilweni kunoSuku lwe-Arafah. Uyasondela, aze aziqhayise kwiingelosi esithi: 'Bafuna ntoni aba bantu?'" (Muslim 1348)
4. Ukucinywa Kweminyaka Emibini Yezono
UMprofeti ﷺ wathi: "Ukuzila uSuku lwe-Arafah — ndinethemba lokuba uAllah uya kucima ngako unyaka ophambi kwalo nonyaka olandelayo." (Muslim 1162)
Le yeyabo bangenzi iHajj — usuku olunye lokuzila oluwucimayo iminyaka emibini yezono ezincinane. Akukho ndlela ilula ngakumbi esinga elxolelweni kuwo wonke unyaka.
5. Intsika YeHajj
UMprofeti ﷺ wathi: "IHajj yi-Arafah." (Abu Dawud & Tirmidhi — Sahih)
Ukuma e-Arafah kukufezekisa yona ngqiqo yalo lonke uhambo olungcwele. Ngaphandle kwako, akukho Hajj.
Indlela AmaQabane Awachitha Ngayo Usuku lwe-Arafah
AmaQabane رضي الله عنهم aqonda ukuba uYawm Arafah yayingekhona nje umsebenzi — yayilihlangano no-Allah.
U-'Umar ibn al-Khattab رضي الله عنه
Xa ivesi yokugqitywa kwe-Deen yatyhilwa ngolu suku, u-'Umar walila. UMprofeti ﷺ wambuza ukuba kutheni, waza waphendula: "Kuba inkolo yethu ngoku igqityiwe — kwaye akukho nto igqibeleleyo ngaphandle kokuba iqale ukunciphisa." U-'Umar wabona kolu suku kungekhona nje umbhiyozo, kodwa ubunzima boxanduva.
UIbn 'Abbas رضي الله عنهما
Wayenononophelo ekufundiseni abantu iintsingiselo neengenelo zolu suku. Wachaza izifungo zeQuran, ukubaluleka kobusuku obulishumi, nemimandla engaphakathi yokuma e-Arafah — eguqula umsebenzi ube kukuqonda okomoya kuyo yonke i-Ummah.
U-'A'ishah رضي الله عنها
Wathi uMprofeti ﷺ wayeye azile uSuku lwe-Arafah xa engenzi iHajj, kwaye naye ngokwakhe waqhubeka nesi senzo. Waluchaza njengosuku lwe-du'a ne-dhikr enamandla — uMprofeti ﷺ wayeye aphakamise izandla zakhe emthandazweni, ebuyela ku-Allah ngokugxila okupheleleyo nethemba.
U-'Abdullah ibn 'Umar رضي الله عنهما
Wabukela uMprofeti ﷺ ngoSuku lwe-Arafah ngokubakho okupheleleyo — ngomzimba nangomphefumlo. UIbn 'Umar ngokwakhe wachitha usuku ezila, esenza i-du'a, ecengceleza i-talbiyah lade latshona ilanga.
Indlela AmaTabi'een Awavuselela Ngayo Olu Suku
USa'id ibn Jubayr رحمه الله
Phakathi kwawona maTabi'een makhulu, wayengapheli i-du'a yakhe ukususela kwiDhuhr lade latshona ilanga — elandela iSunnah yoMprofeti ﷺ owema esenza umthandazo e-Arafah zade zavela iinkwenkwezi. Wathi: "Ndadibana namaqabane angamashumi asixhenxe oMthunywa ka-Allah ﷺ — onke avumelana ukuba owona mthandazo mhle ngoSuku lwe-Arafah yayingu: La ilaha illallah kuphela."
UImam Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib رحمه الله
Wazila iintsuku ezisithoba zokuqala zikaDhul Hijjah minyaka le ngaphandle kokuphosa, esithi: "Andizange ndiluphose ukuzila ezi ntsuku kwiminyaka engamashumi amane." Kuye, uSuku lwe-Arafah lwalulincopho — ixesha lokuzisa lonke unqulo lwakhe encotsheni.
UImam al-Hasan al-Basri رحمه الله
Wayeye akhumbuze abafundi bakhe: "I-Arafah ayeyalowo ume kumhlaba wayo kuphela. I-Arafah sisikhundla sentliziyo — yima phambi ko-Allah endlwini yakho njengoko abahambi bendlela bemayo, ngokwaphuka okunye nethemba."
U-'Ata ibn Abi Rabah رحمه الله
Wazila olu suku nangoxa efundisa waza wathi: "Ukuba indoda ithandaza ngoSuku lwe-Arafah ngentliziyo enyanisekileyo, ayinakuzifumana inethandabuzo lokuba uAllah uyiphendulile."
Imithetho YoSuku lwe-Arafah (أحكام يوم عرفة)
Kwabo Bangenzi iHajj
- Ukuzila yiSunnah eqinisekisiweyo — uMprofeti ﷺ wayesoloko ezila olu suku xa engenzi iHajj, kwaye kucima iminyaka emibini yezono.
- I-dhikr ne-du'a eninzi ukususela kwiFajr kude kutshone ilanga — ngokukodwa ukususela kwiDhuhr kude kube yiMaghrib, okumela ixesha lokuma e-Arafah.
- I-Takbeer, i-Tahmeed, i-Tahleel, ne-Tasbih — yandisa: Allahu Akbar, Alhamdulillah, La ilaha illallah, SubhanAllah.
- Isisa nezenzo ezilungileyo — naliphi na isenzo esilungileyo kwiintsuku ezilishumi zikaDhul Hijjah sithandeka ngakumbi ku-Allah kuneso senzo ngelinye ixesha.
- Ukucheba iinwele neenzipho akufuneki ukususela kowokuqala kaDhul Hijjah kwabo bacwangcisa ukwenza i-Udhiyah. (Muslim 1977)
Kubahambi Bendlela AbenzayoiHajj
- Ukuzila kwalelwe kumhambi wendlela ngolu suku — bafuna amandla abo okuma (wuquf).
- Umhambi wendlela umele abekho e-Arafah phakathi kweDhuhr nokutshona kwelanga — le yi-ntsika (rukn) yeHajj, ekungenayo iHajj ayisebenzi.
Imithandazo YoSuku lwe-Arafah (دعاء يوم عرفة)
UMprofeti ﷺ wathi: "Owona mthandazo mhle ngowoSuku lwe-Arafah, kwaye okona kuhle mna nabaProfeti abaphambi kwam esikutshileyo ngu:"
لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ
Lā ilāha illallāhu waḥdahu lā sharīka lah, lahul mulku wa lahul ḥamdu wa huwa ʿalā kulli shay'in qadīr
"Akukho thixo ngaphandle koAllah, yedwa, engenamahlulelane. Ulawulo lolwaKhe kwaye indumiso yonke yeyaKhe, kwaye unamandla phezu kwazo zonke izinto."
(Tirmidhi 3585 — Hasan)
Phinda-phinda oku ngokuninzi — ngokukodwa phakathi kweDhuhr neMaghrib. USa'id ibn Jubayr رحمه الله wathi amaQabane angamashumi asixhenxe avumelana ukuba le yeyona dhikr inkulu yolu suku.
Ngoxolelo
اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّكَ عَفُوٌّ كَرِيمٌ تُحِبُّ الْعَفْوَ فَاعْفُ عَنِّي
Allāhumma innaka ʿafuwwun karīmun tuḥibbul ʿafwa faʿfu ʿannī
"Owu Allah, Wena unguMxoleli noNesisa, uthanda ukuxolela, ngoko ndixolele."
Ngokulungileyo Kweli Hlabathi Nakwelizayo
رَبَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ
Rabbanā ātinā fid-dunyā ḥasanatan wa fil-ākhirati ḥasanatan wa qinā ʿadhāban-nār
"Nkosi yethu, siphe okulungileyo kweli hlabathi nokulungileyo kwelizayo, uze usikhusele kwisohlwayo soMlilo."
(Al-Baqarah 2:201 — owona mthandazo wawusenziwa rhoqo nguMprofeti ﷺ)
Ngokukhuselwa EMlilweni
اللَّهُمَّ أَجِرْنِي مِنَ النَّارِ
Allāhumma ajirni minan-nār
"Owu Allah, ndikhusele eMlilweni."
(Phinda kasixhenxe — Abu Dawud 5079)
Nge-Ummah
Ungalibali ukwenza i-du'a ngosapho lwakho, abazali bakho, abagulayo, abo basebunzimeni, nayo yonke i-Ummah yamaSilamsi — ngokukodwa abo babandezelekayo kwihlabathi liphela. I-du'a yomSilamsi ngomzalwana wakhe engekho iyaphendulwa. (Muslim 2732)
Icebiso elisebenzayo: Bhala phantsi ii-du'a zakho phambi kosuku. Xa kungena iDhuhr, beka bucala ifowuni yakho, fumana indawo ezolileyo, phakamisa izandla zakho, uze uthethe no-Allah ngokuthe ngqo — ngamazwi akho, nakuluphi na ulwimi, uphuma entliziyweni yakho.
Yintoni Emasiyenze Ngolu Suku
1. Zila
Qalisa ukuzila kwakho kwiFajr. Esi senzo sinye siphethe umvuzo wokucinywa kweminyaka emibini. Akukho ndlela ilula ngakumbi esinga elxolelweni.
2. Zalisa Usuku Nge-Dhikr
Yandisa oku kulandelayo ukususela kwiFajr kuwo wonke usuku:
- Lā ilāha illallāhu waḥdahu lā sharīka lah, lahul mulku wa lahul ḥamdu wa huwa ʿalā kulli shay'in qadīr
- SubhanAllah · Alhamdulillah · Allahu Akbar · La ilaha illallah
3. Yenza i-Du'a Ukususela KwiDhuhr Ukuya KwiMaghrib
Eli thuba limela ixesha lokuma e-Arafah. Yenza umthandazo onyanisekileyo, ogxilileyo — ngawe, ngosapho lwakho, nange-Ummah. Amasango ezulu avulekile banzi.
4. Guquka Ngokunyanisekileyo
Yiza nezono zakho uze uzishiye emnyango wenceba yaKhe. UAllah uyasondela ngolu suku — musa ukuluvumela ludlule ungabuyeli kuYe.
5. Nika Ngesisa
Naliphi na isenzo esilungileyo kwezi ntsuku siyaphindwa-phindwa. Nesisa esincinci siphethe ubunzima obungaqhelekanga.
6. Dibanisa Usapho Lwakho
Hlanganisa usapho lwakho umzuzu we-du'a phambi kokutshona kwelanga. Fowunela amalungu osapho angekhoyo. Yenza olu suku luvakale lwahlukile — kuba lunjalo.
Ukucamngca Kokugqibela
Usuku lwe-Arafah lusifundisa inyaniso enzulu: ukuba uAllah akalindi ukuba sibe gqibelele. Ukhulula abantu eMlilweni ngolu suku — izihlwele zabo — kungekhona ngenxa yokuba bekusebenzele, kodwa ngenxa yokuba babuyela kuYe. Umnyango uvulekile. Isimemo sithunyelwe.
UMprofeti ﷺ wema e-Arafah walila emthandazweni njengoko ilanga litshona. AmaQabane ema naye, elila, ecela, enethemba.
Sisenokuba asikho e-Arafah kulo nyaka. Kodwa sinokuma phambi ko-Allah naphi na apho sikhoyo — ngentswelo enye, ithemba elinye, nenqiniseko enye yokuba uyeva.
وَإِذَا سَأَلَكَ عِبَادِى عَنِّى فَإِنِّى قَرِيبٌ ۖ أُجِيبُ دَعْوَةَ ٱلدَّاعِ إِذَا دَعَانِ
"Kwaye xa abakhonzi bam bekubuza ngam — inene ndikufuphi. Ndiyayiphendula intsindiso yalowo ubizayo xa ebiza kum."
(Al-Baqarah 2:186)
Sebenzisa ngokupheleleyo owesithoba kaDhul Hijjah. Kusenokuba lusuku ubomi bakho obutshintsha ngalo.