Ubusazi na ukuba kukho iintsuku onyakeni apho imivuzo iphindwa-phindwa, imithandazo iphendulwa, namasango enguquko avulwa banzi? Iintsuku ezingcwele kangangokuba uAllah, oPhakamileyo, wafunga ngazo kwiNcwadi yaKhe engunaphakade? Ezi ziintsuku ezilishumi zokuqala zika-Dhul Hijjah — ezona ntsuku zilungileyo phezu komhlaba.
Isifungo SikaThixo Ngezi Ntsuku
UAllah wahlonipha ezi ntsuku ngoyena mahluko mkhulu — isifungo kwiQuran ngokwayo. Uthi kwiSurah Al-Fajr:
"Ngokusa. Nangobusuku obulishumi."
(Surah Al-Fajr, 89:1–2)
Iqabane elikhulu u-'Abdullah ibn 'Abbas (wanga uAllah angakholiseka nguye), kunye nabaninzi bezifundiswa zokutolika iQuran, baqinisekisa: "Ubusuku obulishumi ziintsuku ezilishumi zokuqala zikaDhul Hijjah." UAllah akafungi ngento ngaphandle kokuba yeyobukhulu obukhulu nesidima.
Ukhankanya ngokungaphezulu ezi ntsuku kumxholo weHajj:
"…nize nikhankanye igama lika-Allah ngeentsuku ezimisiweyo."
(Surah Al-Hajj, 22:28)
UIbn 'Abbas wachaza ukuba "iintsuku ezimisiweyo" ziintsuku ezilishumi zikaDhul Hijjah — iintsuku apho imisebenzi yeHajj ifikelela encotsheni yayo kwaye abahambi bendlela bahlangana bevela kuyo yonke indawo ekude.
Ubungqina BoMprofeti ﷺ
Ukuhlonitshwa kweQuran kwezi ntsuku kwakunganelanga — uMprofeti ﷺ weza kusityhilela, ngamazwi akhe asikelelweyo, isizathu sokuba zibaluleke kangaka. UIbn 'Abbas (wanga uAllah angakholiseka nguye) wathi uMthunywa ka-Allah ﷺ wathi:
"Akukho ntsuku apho izenzo ezilungileyo zithandeka ngakumbi ku-Allah kunezi ntsuku" — ethetha iintsuku ezilishumi zikaDhul Hijjah. Bathi: "Owu Mthunywa ka-Allah, kwane, jihad endleleni ka-Allah?" Wathi: "Kwane-jihad endleleni ka-Allah — ngaphandle kwendoda ephuma nobomi bayo nobutyebi bayo ize ibuye ingenanto."
(Sahih al-Bukhari, 969)
Camngca ngobunzima bale hadith. I-jihad — ukuzabalaza endleleni ka-Allah — kuthathwa njengencopho yendlela yamaSilamsi. Kanti izenzo ezilungileyo ezenziwa kwezi ntsuku zilishumi zithandeka ngakumbi ku-Allah kunayo. Owona mahluko kuphela ngulowo unikela yonke into — ubomi bakhe nobutyebi bakhe — angabuyi. Le yingenelo engaphaya kwenkcazo.
Kutheni Ezi Zezona Ntsuku Zinkulu?
Isifundiswa esikhulu uImam Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani wabhala kwi-Fath al-Bari: "Oko kubonakala njengesizathu somahluko weentsuku ezilishumi zikaDhul Hijjah kukuba zihlanganisa ndawonye ezona zenzo zonqulo zinkulu — umthandazo, ukuzila, isisa, neHajj — kwaye oku akwenzeki kwelinye ixesha."
Ezi ntsuku zilishumi zihlanganisa ngaphakathi kwazo:
- IHajj — intsika yesihlanu ye-Islam, eyenziwa kanye kwezi ntsuku
- Ukuzila — ngokukodwa ukuzila koSuku lwe-'Arafah
- Umthandazo nokukhumbula — kubandakanya umthandazo we-Eid ne-takbir yezi ntsuku
- Isisa nedini — umsebenzi we-Eid al-Adha
Akumangalisi ke, ukuba zezona ntsuku zithandekayo ku-Allah. Lixesha elikhethekileyo lonqulo, lokusondela ku-Allah.
Ezona Zenzo Zilungileyo Zokwenza Kwezi Ntsuku Zilishumi
1. Ukuzila — Ngokukodwa Ngosuku lwe-'Arafah
UHafsa (wanga uAllah angakholiseka nguye) wathi: "Kukho izinto ezine uMprofeti ﷺ awangaze wazishiya: ukuzila nge-'Ashura, ukuzila iintsuku ezilishumi, iintsuku ezintathu zenyanga nganye, ne-rak'ah ezimbini phambi kweFajr." (Ahmad no-al-Nasa'i)
Usuku lwesithoba — uSuku lwe-'Arafah — luphethe isikhundla esiphakamileyo ngokukodwa. UMprofeti ﷺ wathi:
"Ukuzila uSuku lwe-'Arafah — ndinethemba ku-Allah ukuba luya kucima izono zonyaka ophambi kwalo nonyaka olandelayo."
(Sahih Muslim, 1162)
Usuku olunye lokuzila, neminyaka emibini epheleleyo yezono icinyiwe. Ikho na intengiselwano enenzuzo engaphezu kwale? Le kwakhona yimini uAllah awagqibezela ngayo inkolo yaKhe waza waphelelisa ububele baKhe kuthi, njengoko wavakalisa:
"Namhlanje ndiyigqibelele inkolo yenu ndaza ndaphelelisa ububele bam kuni ndaza ndanamkelela i-Islam njengenkolo."
(Surah Al-Ma'idah, 5:3)
2. Ukukhumbula Okuninzi, i-Takbir, Nendumiso
UAllah wasiyalela ukuba simkhumbule kwezi ntsuku zisikelelweyo:
"Nize nikhumbule uAllah ngeentsuku [ezithile] ezibaliweyo."
(Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:203)
U-'Abdullah ibn 'Umar (wanga uAllah angakholiseka nguye) wathi uMprofeti ﷺ wathi:
"Akukho ntsuku zinkulu emehlweni ka-Allah, apho izenzo ezilungileyo zithandeka ngakumbi kuye, kunezi ntsuku zilishumi. Ngoko yandisani kuzo ukutsho kwenu i-tahlil (lā ilāha illallāh), i-takbir (Allahu Akbar), ne-tahmid (Alhamdulillah)."
(Musnad Ahmad, 5446 — iqinisekiswe ngu-al-Albani)
Amaqabane (wanga uAllah angakholiseka ngawo onke) ayeye avakalise i-takbir ngokuvulekileyo ezimarikeni nasezitalatweni, evuselela lo msebenzi mkhulu. Amazwi okuwatsho:
Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, lā ilāha illallāh, Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, wa lillāhil hamd.
3. Inguquko Enyanisekileyo
Ezi ntsuku lithuba elikhulu kuye nabani na oweleyo esonweni ukuba abuyele eNkosini yakhe ngentliziyo enyanisekileyo netyumkileyo. UAllah uthi:
"Nize nibuyele ku-Allah ngenguquko, nonke, owu makholwa, ukuze niphumelele."
(Surah An-Nur, 24:31)
UMprofeti ﷺ wathi: "UAllah welula isandla saKhe ebusuku ukuze abo bonayo emini baguquke, aze elule isandla saKhe emini ukuze abo bonayo ebusuku baguquke." (Sahih Muslim, 2759) Kobeka phi ke, kwezona ntsuku zithandekayo zawo wonke unyaka?
4. Isisa, Ukugcina Iziqhagamshelo Zobuhlobo, Nezenzo Ezilungileyo
Ubuhle bezi ntsuku abuvalelwanga kunqulo lwemisebenzi kuphela — sonke isenzo esilungileyo siyaphindwa-phindwa. UMprofeti ﷺ wathi: "Izenzo ezilungileyo kuzo zithandeka ngakumbi ku-Allah." (Sahih al-Bukhari, 969)
Ondla ummelwane. Fowunela isihlobo. Nika ngesisa kwabo baswele. Nceda umntu osokolayo. Sonke isenzo esilungileyo kwezi ntsuku siphethe ubunzima obungaqhelekanga emehlweni ka-Allah.
5. Idini (Udhiyah) nge-Eid al-Adha
Phakathi kwezona zenzo zonqulo zinkulu kweli xesha lisikelelweyo yi-udhiyah — idini lesilwanyana — ngoweshumi kaDhul Hijjah, uSuku lwe-Eid. UAllah uthi:
"Ngoko thandaza eNkosini yakho uze wenze idini [kuYe kuphela]."
(Surah Al-Kawthar, 108:2)
U-'A'ishah (wanga uAllah angakholiseka nguye) wathi uMprofeti ﷺ wathi: "Unyana ka-Adam akenzi senzo ngoSuku lweDini esithandeka ngakumbi ku-Allah kunokuphalaza igazi. Liya kufika ngoSuku lokuVuka neempondo zalo, uboya balo, neenkolo zalo, kwaye igazi lifikelela ekwamkelweni ka-Allah phambi kokuba liwe emhlabeni." (Sunan al-Tirmidhi, 1493 — inqanaba hasan)
Usuku lwe-'Arafah — Isithsaba Sazo Zonke Iintsuku
Usuku lwesithoba lukaDhul Hijjah lolona luphakamileyo kwezi zilishumi kwaye lolona lukhulu kuwo wonke unyaka. Ngolu suku, abahambi bendlela bema kwithafa lase-'Arafah kumbono ongafaniyo nawuphi na omnye — bebiza eNkosini yabo, belila phambi kwaYo — ngelixa uAllah esehlela ezulwini elisezantsi aze aziqhayise ngabo kwiingelosi zaKhe.
UMprofeti ﷺ wathi:
"Akukho suku apho uAllah akhulula abantu abaninzi eMlilweni kunoSuku lwe-'Arafah. Uyasondela, aze aziqhayise ngabo kwiingelosi, esithi: 'Bafuna ntoni aba bantu?'"
(Sahih Muslim, 1348)
Usuku lwe-'Arafah lusuku lweHajj ngokwayo — uMprofeti ﷺ wavakalisa: "IHajj yi-'Arafah." (Ahmad no-al-Tirmidhi) Nabani na ongenzi iHajj usenokwabelana kwiintsikelelo zayo ngokuzila — ukuzila okunye okucima izono zeminyaka emibini.
Isikhokelo Esisebenzayo: Indlela Yokutyala Ezi Ntsuku Zilishumi
| Usuku | Izenzo Ezicetyisiweyo |
|---|---|
| Iintsuku 1–8 | Ukuzila · i-Takbir ne-dhikr · Ukucengcelezwa kweQuran · Isisa · Ukugcina ubuhlobo · Umthandazo omninzi |
| Usuku lwe-'Arafah (9) | Ukuzila (olona suku lubalulekileyo kwabangenzi iHajj) · Umthandazo nokuthobeka · Inguquko nokucela uxolo · Ukukhumbula ngamandla uAllah |
| Usuku lwe-Eid (10) | Umthandazo we-Eid · Idini lesilwanyana (udhiyah) · i-Takbir ye-Eid · Ukuzisa uvuyo kusapho nakumahlwempu |
Inqaku Elibalulekileyo: Ukuzila Kwiinwele Neenzipho
U-Umm Salamah (wanga uAllah angakholiseka nguye) wathi uMprofeti ﷺ wathi:
"Xa iintsuku ezilishumi zingena kwaye omnye wenu ecwangcisa ukwenza idini, makangachukumisi naziphi na iinwele zakhe okanye ulusu lwakhe."
(Sahih Muslim, 1977)
Nabani na ocwangcisa ukwenza i-udhiyah umele azile ukucheba iinwele zakhe okanye ukunqumla iinzipho zakhe ukususela ekuqaleni kukaDhul Hijjah kude kube semva kokuba idini lenziwe.
Musa Ukuvumela Eli Xesha Likudlule
Eli hlabathi lidlulayo, ubomi bufutshane, kwaye ezi ntsuku zibuya kanye ngonyaka. UIbn al-Qayyim (wanga uAllah angaba nenceba kuye) wathi: "Ezi ntsuku ziintsuku zokuzabalaza nesenzo. Akufanelekanga kumntu onengqondo ephilileyo ukuvumela nomzuzu omnye udlule kwenye into ngaphandle kokuthobela nokusondela ku-Allah."
Ezi ntsuku zilishumi sisipho sikaThixo. INkosi yamazwe onke ivula kuwe kuzo umnyango wenceba noxolelo ongafaniyo nawuphi na omnye ixesha lonyaka. Yenza injongo yakho ngoku: zila iintsuku ezilishumi ezikhoyo ngangoko unako, yandisa ukukhumbula nendumiso yakho, nika ngesisa ngesisa, cela uxolo uze uguquke ngokunyanisekileyo, ube nobubele kwabo bakungqongileyo. Ngaphezu kwako konke, gcina ukuzila koSuku lwe-'Arafah — kuba kucima iminyaka emibini yezono.
UAllah uthi ekuphetheni kweevesi zeHajj:
"…nenze okulungileyo, ukuze niphumelele."
(Surah Al-Hajj, 22:77)
Sicela uAllah oMkhulu, iNkosi yeTrone Enkulu, ukuba asivumele sifikelele kwezi ntsuku zisikelelweyo sisempilweni entle, asincede sizigcwalise ngezona zenzo zihle, aze amkele kuthi nakuni izenzo zethu ezilungileyo. Ameen.