Udumo lonke lungoluka-Allah, iNkosi yemihlaba, ohambisa imithetho yaphezulu, ophendula izinsuku phakathi kwabantu — ahloniphe lowo amthandayo ngokumlalela, athobise lowo amthandayo ngobulungiswa bakhe. Akasephuli isethembiso sakhe, futhi akayiguquli indlela yakhe. Ukuthula nezibusiso makube kunkosi yethu uMuhammad ﷺ, uPhawu lwabaProfethi, noMholi wezithunywa, u-Allah aqoqa ngaye ifa labo bonke abaProfethi wahlanganisa i-Ummah yakhe nomlando wonke wokholo — nakubantu bakhe, abangane bakhe, nabo bonke abahamba endleleni yakhe kuze kube uSuku Lokwahlulela.
USuku lwe-Ashura akulona nje inkumbulo yomlando lapho sikhumbula isenzakalo esadlula, futhi akuyona nje impandelo yokukhonza okuma emkhawulweni wenzuzo yokuzila kulo. Yilolu suku lapho izincazelo zesiqiniseko zenziwa kabusha, lapho imithetho (sunan) ka-Allah yokunika ukunqoba kweqiniso nokubhubhisa amanga yenziwa icace khona. Lutshala ezinhliziyweni zabakholwayo isiqiniseko sokuthi indlela yabaProfethi yinye, nokuthi impi yokholo nobudlova iyaqhubeka uma kusekhona impilo, nokuthi imithetho efanayo eyaletha insindiso izolo iyakwazi ukuyiletha namuhla nakusasa.
Ngenkathi uMthunywa ka-Allah ﷺ efika eMadinah, wathola amaJuda ezila uSuku lwe-Ashura. Wababuza ngakho, bathi: "Yilolu suku u-Allah asindisa ngalo uMusa (Moses) nabantu bakhe, wacwilisa uFaro nempi yakhe." Ngakho wathi:
"Thina sinelungelo elikhulu kuMusa kunani." Wabe esezila wayala nokuthi luzilwe.
(Sahih al-Bukhari · Sahih Muslim)
La mazwi ayengewona umemezelo wokubamba iqhaza empandelweni yomlando; ayengumemezelo wendaba enkulu yenkolelo: ukuthi umyalezo we-Islam uyisiqhubeko esiphelele semiyalezo yezulu, nokuthi i-Ummah kaMuhammad ﷺ iyindlalifa yefa labaProfethi, nephethe ifulegi le-tawhid (ubunye buka-Allah) eliphakanyiswa uNuh, u-Ibrahim, uMusa, u-'Isa, noMuhammad — ukuthula makube kubo bonke. U-Allah, oPhakeme Kakhulu, uthi:
"Unimisele enkolweni lokho akuyala kuNuh nalokho esikwembule kuwe, nalokho esakuyala ku-Ibrahim noMusa no-'Isa."
(Surah Ash-Shura, 42:13)
"Ngempela le, inkolo yenu, iyinkolo eyodwa, futhi mina nginguMdali wenu, ngakho ngikhonzeni."
(Surah Al-Anbiya, 21:92)
Ngenxa yalokhu, isibopho phakathi koMprofethi ﷺ noMusa (ukuthula makube kuye) sasingesona nje esothando nenhlonipho, kodwa sasiyisibopho somyalezo, indlela, nesimo. Wayenelungelo elikhulu kuye ngoba uphethe ubizo lwakhe, uphelelisa uhambo lwakhe, avuselele ebantwini izincazelo ze-tawhid, ubulungiswa, nenkululeko, futhi ame ebusweni bobudlova njengoba bonke abaProfethi bema.
I-Ashura — ISikole Semithetho Yaphezulu
U-Allah wathanda ukuthi indaba kaMusa noFaro iphindwe eQur'an Engcwele ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezinye izindaba, ngoba iyisibonelo esicace kakhulu se-Qur'an sokubhekana nobudlova nokucindezela, nangoba umzabalazo phakathi kweqiniso namanga akusona isenzakalo somlando esidlulayo, kodwa ungumthetho kaNkulunkulu (sunnah) ozenza kabusha empilweni yezizwe.
Ubudlova abumi phezu komuntu oyedwa, kodwa phezu kohlelo oluphelele lwamandla, ingcebo, inkohliso, nokusebenzisa izinzuzo ukukhonza amanga. I-Qur'an yethula izibonelo zalokhu kuFaro, noHaman, noQarun, nalabo ababuthana bawazungeza phakathi kwabantu benkanuko nezinzuzo.
Umdlovi ume egcwele amandla akhe, amabutho akhe, nengcebo yakhe; umkholwa ume ehlubuke yonke into ngaphandle kwesiqiniseko sakhe ku-Allah. Bese impi iphela ngalokho abantu bomhlaba abangakulindelanga — ukuze abantu bazi ukuthi amandla angempela awakho kulokho okuphethwe abazidlayo, kodwa akulokho u-Allah akunika izinceku zakhe ezikholwayo. U-Allah, oPhakeme Kakhulu, uthi:
"Futhi sasifuna ukwenza umusa kulabo abacindezelwe ezweni sibenze abaholi sibenze izindlalifa, futhi sibanike amandla ezweni."
(Surah Al-Qasas, 28:5-6)
Leli akulona ivesi elikhuluma ngabantwana baka-Israyeli kuphela; ngumthetho kaNkulunkulu osebenza kuso sonke isikhathi nakuyo yonke indawo. U-Allah akabashiyi abacindezelwe uma beneqiniso bebekezela, futhi akabashiyi abadlovi ngaphandle kokulandisa, noma ngabe bude kangakanani ubukhosi babo.
Ngakho ulwandle olwabonakala kuMusa nabantu bakhe njengesiphetho sendlela lwaba isiqalo sensindiso, nembangela yokubhubha kukaFaro nempi yakhe — ukuze lo mbukiso uhlale uphakade engqondweni yabakholwayo: ukuthi uma u-Allah ethanda ukunika ukunqoba izinceku zakhe, uzilungiselela izindlela ingqondo engenakuziqonda; nokuthi impumuzo ingazalwa enhliziyweni yobunzima; nokuthi isipho singaphuma esiswini sesilingo.
Kwi-Ashura umkholwa ufunda ukuthi ukucindezelwa akusona isinqumo saphakade, nokuthi ukulinda impumuzo kungukukhonza, nokuthi ukwethemba isethembiso sika-Allah akusona isifiso sengqondo kodwa siyisiqiniseko esisekelwe emlandweni wemiyalezo nemithetho ka-Allah engaguquki. U-Allah, oPhakeme Kakhulu, uthi:
"...futhi kwakuyimfanelo kithi ukweseka abakholwayo."
(Surah Ar-Rum, 30:47)
Kusukela Olwandle Kuya Esimweni Se-Ummah
Umkholwa akayifundi indaba kaMusa (ukuthula makube kuye) njengekhasi emakhasini omlando, kodwa uyifunda njengomunye wemithetho ka-Allah eqhubekayo phakathi kwezizwe — lapho amagama nobuso buguquka, kanti umzabalazo phakathi kweqiniso namanga uhlala usesimweni sawo sokuqala.
Kufana kanjani ukukhala kwabantwana baka-Israyeli, "Ngempela sizofikelelwa!" (Ash-Shu'ara 26:61), nalokho okuphindwa ezilimini zabantu uma izindlela zincipha nezilingo ziqina. Futhi kufana kanjani impendulo kaMusa (ukuthula makube kuye) nalokho umkholwa akudingayo kuso sonke isikhathi nakuyo yonke indawo:
"Wathi, 'Cha! Ngempela iNkosi yami inami; izongihola.'"
(Surah Ash-Shu'ara, 26:62)
Leli akulona izwi elikhulunywa ebunzimeni kuphela; liyinkolelo eyakha ukuqina, etshala ithemba, futhi enika i-Ummah amandla okukhuthazela noma ngabe zinkulu kangakanani izinhlekelele.
Lokho okwenzeka eGaza namuhla — ukuvinjezelwa, indlala, ukubulawa, nokuxoshwa — nokubekezela, i-ribat (ukuzivikela ngokuqina), nokuzimisela okwethulwa abantu bayo, kukhumbuza i-Ummah ukuthi isilingo singaba isandulela sokunikwa amandla.
Izingane ezizalwe ngaphansi kokubhombela, omama abavalelisa amadodana nabayeni babo bephindaphinda "U-Allah wanele kithi, futhi unguMphathi omuhle kunabo bonke," namadoda ame aqina ezweni lawo naphezu kobukhulu besilingo — bonke babhala ikhasi elisha emakhasini okubekezela owaziwa umlando wabaProfethi.
Ukunqoba kungase kubambezeleke, nesilingo singaqina, kodwa umkholwa uyazi ukuthi isethembiso sika-Allah asihluleki, nokuthi izinsuku ziphenduphendulwa phakathi kwabantu, nokuthi iqiniso alikalwa ngomjikelezo owodwa, kodwa likalwa ngesiphetho u-Allah asibhalele izinceku zakhe ezilungileyo.
Njengoba u-Allah asindisa uMusa nalabo ababenaye ekudloveni kukaFaro nempi yakhe, yena — odunyiswayo — unguMsizi wabacindezelwe uma beneqiniso bebekezela, ababakhipha ekucindezelekeni abayise ekukhululekeni, esilingweni abayise esiphweni, nasekucindezelweni abayise ekunikweni amandla.
Ngemuva Kwezindonga — Isethembiso Sika-Allah Kwabacindezelwe
Abantu baseGaza abakho bodwa abaphila incazelo yokucindezelwa; ngemuva kwezindonga kunezinkulungwane zeziboshwa nabacindezelwe abalinde impumuzo, beqiniseka ukuthi noma ngabe bude kangakanani ubusuku, kufanele kulandele ukusa. Ezweni elingaphezu kwelilodwa lamaSilamu, imindeni isagwinya ubuhlungu bokwahlukana, ikhuthazelela ukuhlukumeza kokulinda — kodwa isilingo, noma ngabe side kangakanani, asiyinqumi ithemba lomkholwa eNkosini yakhe, futhi asimsithi ukwethemba kwakhe isiphetho esihle.
EGibhithe, izinkulungwane zemindeni zisaphila imiphumela yeminyaka yokuboshwa, ukuxoshwa, nokuncishwa, kodwa ibambelela ethembeni, iqiniseka ukuthi ukungalungi kuyodlula, nokuthi izinsuku ziyaphenduphendulwa, nokuthi u-Allah akawulahli umvuzo wababekezelayo. Lokhu kusikhumbuza ukuthi indlela yabacindezelwe ingase ibe nde, kodwa ayilahleki — nokuthi izinyembezi zabacindezelwe nokububula kwabaxwayisiwe konke kugcinwe ku-Allah, ongafihlelwa lutho. U-Allah, oPhakeme Kakhulu, uthi:
"Futhi ungalokothi ucabange ukuthi u-Allah akanakile ngalokho izoni ezikwenzayo. Uzibambezela kuphela kuze kube uSuku lapho amehlo eyogqolozela [ngokwesaba]."
(Surah Ibrahim, 14:42)
Phakathi KukaFaro Wayizolo Nabadlovi Banamuhla
Amagama ayaguquka nobuso buyahluka, kodwa iqiniso lobudlova linye: ukuzidla ezweni, ukweyisa abantu, ukona emhlabeni, nokulwa nabantu beqiniso. I-Qur'an yaliloba leli qiniso:
"Ngempela, uFaro waziphakamisa ezweni wenza abantu balo bangamaqembu, ecindezela iqembu phakathi kwabo — ehlaba amadodana abo egcina abesifazane babo bephila. Ngempela, wayengomunye wabaphuli."
(Surah Al-Qasas, 28:4)
I-Qur'an ayisixoxelanga izindaba zikaFaro ngenjabulo, kodwa ukuze isifundise ukuthi wonke umdlovi uhamba indlela yakhe, nokuthi wonke ozidlayo uphethela esiphethweni sakhe. U-Allah, oPhakeme Kakhulu, uthi:
"Ngakho ngamunye sambamba ngenxa yesono sakhe."
(Surah Al-Ankabut, 29:40)
Abantu bamanga bangase bacabange ukuthi amandla, izikhali, namamidiya abakuphethe kungaguqula umlando; kodwa wonke umlando ufakazela ukuthi ubudlova buyituluzi elidlulayo, kanti iqiniso liyisimo esihlalayo. U-Allah, oPhakeme Kakhulu, uthi:
"Futhi lezi zinsuku [zezinhlanhla eziguqukayo] siziphenduphendula phakathi kwabantu."
(Surah Aal 'Imran, 3:140)
I-Ashura — Nokwakha Ithemba
Ithemba ku-Islam akulona uzwelo oludlulayo, kodwa liyisiqiniseko esethembisweni sika-Allah nokwethemba imithetho yakhe. Ngakho umkholwa akazifundi izenzakalo ngeso lomzuzu, kodwa ngeso lesambulo — ethatha esiqinisekweni sikaMusa (ukuthula makube kuye), "Cha! Ngempela iNkosi yami inami; izongihola" (Ash-Shu'ara 26:62), nasesiqinisekweni soMprofethi ﷺ, "Ungadabuki; ngempela u-Allah unathi" (At-Tawbah 9:40) — okuvuselela ukuzimisela kwakhe kuqinise ukuma kwakhe. Futhi uma isiqiniseko sihlangana nesenzo, nokubekezela nokuthatha izindlela, isethembiso sika-Allah siyagcwaliseka:
"Futhi ngempela u-Allah uyobeseka labo abamesekayo. Ngempela, u-Allah unamandla, uPhakeme ngamandla."
(Surah Al-Hajj, 22:40)
Umsebenzi Wethu ngoSuku lwe-Ashura
I-Ashura akulona kuphela usuku lokukhumbula izinkumbulo, kodwa luwusuku lokwenza kabusha isivumelwano no-Allah, ukujulisa ukuzwana komyalezo wabaProfethi, nokubuyisa ukwethemba imithetho yakhe nesethembiso sakhe. Kungumsebenzi we-Ummah ukuthuthukisa ubudlelwane bayo neNkosi yayo, ukweseka abacindezelwe, ukuma iqine nabantu beqiniso, ukukhulisa izingane zayo ekuhlonipheni nasekuziphatheni, nokuqiniseka ukuthi indlela yokuguqula inde — kodwa yiyo indlela abaProfethi nabalungileyo abahamba ngayo ngaphambi kwethu.
Uma uMusa (ukuthula makube kuye) azila lolu suku ngokubonga u-Allah ngensindiso, khona-ke i-Ummah kaMuhammad ﷺ ihlanganisa kulo ukubonga isibusiso, ukwenza kabusha isiqiniseko, ukukhumbula ubunye bomyalezo wabaProfethi, nokusebenzela ukweseka abacindezelwe, ukumisa ubulungiswa, nokumelana nokungalungi.
Ngaleyo ndlela, i-Ashura ihlala ingufakazi wokuthi indlela yabaProfethi yinye, nokuthi isiphetho esihle singesabesabayo u-Allah, nokuthi imithetho ka-Allah ayikhethi muntu, futhi ayehluleki muntu.
Sicela u-Allah, oPhakeme Kakhulu, ukuthi enze uSuku lwe-Ashura lube usuku lwesiqiniseko, ukwenziwa kabusha, nethemba; akhulule usizi lwabakhathazekile, akhulule abacindezelwe, anike ukunqoba abacindezelwe, alungiselele le Ummah indlela yokuhola okuhle. Ngempela, unguMphathi walokho noKwaziyo ukukwenza. Futhi isikhalo sethu sokugcina siwukuthi udumo lonke lungoluka-Allah, iNkosi yemihlaba.
I-Ashura ingumqhele kaMuharram — inyanga engcwele evula unyaka wamaSilamu. Funda kabanzi ngezinzuzo zayo nokuzila kwe-Ashura: UMuharram: Inyanga Engcwele Nonyaka Omusha WamaSilamu.