Njengoba ilanga lishona ngosuku lokugcina lukaDhul Hijjah, umhlaba wamaSulumane uphendula ikhasi uye onyakeni omusha. Inyanga yokuqala yalowo nyaka nguMuharram, inyanga u-Allah ngokwakhe ayihloniphile, eyibiza ngokuthi "iNyanga Engcwele ka-Allah." Yisikhathi sokuzindla, sokwenziwa kabusha, nokunye kokuzila okuthandeka kakhulu kuyo yonke ikhalenda. Kumkholwa ofuna ukuqala unyaka kahle, uMuharram uyisipho okungafanele siphuthelwe.
UMuharram: Enye Yezinyanga Ezine Ezingcwele
U-Allah, oPhakeme Kakhulu, umemezela eNcwadini yakhe:
"Ngempela, inani lezinyanga ku-Allah lingu-12 [lwenyanga] embhalweni ka-Allah [kusukela] ngosuku adala ngalo amazulu nomhlaba; kuzo, ezine zingcwele. Lokho yinkolo eqotho, ngakho ningazoni imiphefumulo yenu phakathi kwazo."
(Surah At-Tawbah, 9:36)
UMprofethi ﷺ waziqamba lezi zinyanga ezine ezingcwele:
"Unyaka uyizinyanga eziyishumi nambili, ezine zazo zingcwele: ezintathu zilandelana — uDhul Qa'dah, uDhul Hijjah, noMuharram — noRajab, omi phakathi kukaJumada noSha'ban."
(Sahih al-Bukhari 3197, Book 59, Hadith 8; Sahih Muslim 1679a, Book 28, Hadith 42)
Phakathi kwalezi zinyanga, kokubili izenzo ezinhle nezono zinesisindo esikhulu. U-Ibn Kathir (u-Allah makamhawukele) waphawula ukuthi ukona ezinyangeni ezingcwele kunzima kakhulu, kanti izenzo zokulalela, umthandazo, ukuzila, isadaka, nokukhumbula u-Allah, zikhipha umvuzo omkhulu kakhulu. UMuharram, ovula unyaka, usimema ukuthi siqale nge-taqwa nangenhloso.
"INyanga ka-Allah"
Kuzo zonke izinyanga, uMuharram uphethe udumo oluyingqayizivele, uMprofethi ﷺ wawunikela ngqo ku-Allah:
"Ukuzila okungcono kakhulu ngemva kwenyanga kaRamadan yinyanga ka-Allah uMuharram."
(Sahih Muslim 1163a, Book 13, Hadith 261)
Izazi ziyaqaphela ukuthi ayikho enye inyanga eyanikezwa lesi sihloko, Shahrullah, "inyanga ka-Allah." Lokhu kunikelwa kuyiluphawu lwesikhundla sayo esiphakeme, futhi yingakho ukuzila ngokuzithandela kuMuharram kungukuzila okuhle kakhulu ngaphandle kukaRamadan.
USuku lwe-Ashura: owe-10 kuMuharram
Umqhele kaMuharram nguSuku lwe-Ashura, usuku lweshumi lwenyanga. Ukuzila kwalo kungokunye kokuvuza kakhulu umkholwa angakunikela kuwo wonke unyaka.
Lapho uMprofethi ﷺ efika eMadinah, wathola amaJuda ezila nge-Ashura. Wawabuza ukuthi kungani, aphendula ngokuthi kwakuwusuku u-Allah asindisa ngalo uMusa nabaNtwana bakwa-Israyeli kuFaro, ngakho uMusa wazila ngokubonga. UMprofethi ﷺ wathi:
"Thina sinelungelo elikhulu kuMusa kunani," wazila futhi wayala abantu ukuba bazile.
(Sahih al-Bukhari 2004, Book 30, Hadith 109; Sahih Muslim 1130a, Book 13, Hadith 162)
Umvuzo wokuzila lolu suku olulodwa mkhulu kakhulu:
UMprofethi ﷺ wabuzwa ngokuzila uSuku lwe-Ashura, wathi: "Lususa izono zonyaka odlule."
(Sahih Muslim 1162a, Book 13, Hadith 252)
Usuku olulodwa lokuzila, kanti unyaka wezono ezincane usulwe waba msulwa. Zimbalwa izenzo zokukhonza ezinikeza umvuzo omkhulu kangaka ngokuncane kangaka.
Zila ne-Tasu'a: owe-9 kuMuharram
Onyakeni wokugcina wempilo yakhe, uMprofethi ﷺ wakhombisa inhloso yokuhlukanisa ukuzila kwamaSulumane kokwaBantu beNcwadi ngokuzila nosuku lwesishiyagalolunye:
"Uma ngiphila ngifike onyakeni ozayo, ngizozila nosuku lwesishiyagalolunye [futhi]."
(Sahih Muslim 1134a, Book 13, Hadith 172)
Washona ngaphambi kukaMuharram olandelayo, kodwa inhloso yakhe yaba yi-Sunnah. Ngakho umkhuba onconywayo ngukuzila kokubili owesi-9 nowe-10 (Tasu'a ne-Ashura). Uma umuntu ekwazi ukuzila usuku olulodwa kuphela, owe-10 wodwa usaphethe umvuzo ogcwele wokususa izono zonyaka odlule.
Amazinga Amathathu Okuzila i-Ashura
Izazi, kufaka phakathi u-Ibn al-Qayyim (u-Allah makamhawukele), zachaza amazinga amathathu okuphelela:
- Okungcono kakhulu: Zila owe-9, owe-10, nowe-11 kuMuharram.
- Okungcono: Zila owe-9 nowe-10.
- Okwamukelekayo: Zila owe-10 wodwa.
Unyaka Omusha WamaSulumane
Owokuqala kaMuharram uphawula ukuqala kwekhalenda yeHijri (yamaSulumane). Le khalenda ibalwa hhayi kusukela empini noma ekubekweni esihlalweni, kodwa kusukela ku-Hijrah, ukufuduka kukaMprofethi ﷺ esuka eMakkah eya eMadinah. KwakunguUmar ibn al-Khattab (u-Allah makajabule ngaye) owathi, ngokubonisana naBangane, wamisa iHijrah njengendawo yokuqala yenkathi yamaSulumane, isitatimende esinamandla sokuthi umlando wethu uphendukela emzuzwini lapho ukholo lwathola khona ikhaya.
Asikho isenzo esithile sokukhonza uMprofethi ﷺ asimisela ubusuku noma usuku lonyaka omusha, awukho umthandazo okhethekile, awukho umgubho. Kunalokho, umkholwa uwamukela ngendlela okufanele wonke usuku lwamukelwe ngayo: ngokubonga, ngenhloso eqotho, nokuzimisela ukusondela ku-Allah. Ukushintsha konyaka kuwumzuzu ongokwemvelo wokuma, uzihlole, ulungise inhliziyo ngezinyanga ezizayo.
UUmar ibn al-Khattab (u-Allah makajabule ngaye) wathi: "Zihloleni ngaphambi kokuba nihlolwe, futhi nikale izenzo zenu ngaphambi kokuba zikalelwe nina."
Yini Ongayenza KuMuharram
- Zila i-Ashura (owe-10), ne-Tasu'a (owe-9) nayo. Isenzo esigcizelelwe kakhulu senyanga.
- Khulisa ukuzila ngokuzithandela kuyo yonke inyanga. "kungukuzila okungcono kakhulu ngemva kukaRamadan."
- Qala unyaka ngokuphenduka ngobuqotho (tawbah) nangenhloso evuselelwe yokulalela u-Allah.
- Zivikele esonweni. Ukona enyangeni engcwele kunzima kakhulu.
- Khulisa i-dhikr, iQur'an, isadaka, ne-du'a njengoba unyaka uqala.
- Zihlole. Zindla ngonyaka odlule futhi ubeke imigomo yonyaka ozayo.
Isiqalo Esihle
UMuharram unikeza umkholwa inhlanganisela engavamile: udumo lwenyanga engcwele, umvuzo omkhulu wokuzila i-Ashura, nekhasi elisha lonyaka omusha. Yisikhathi sokungena onyakeni nenhliziyo ehlanzekile, inhloso ecacile, nethemba esiheni sika-Allah.
Njengoba unyaka owodwa uvalwa nomunye uvulwa, sengathi u-Allah angenza unyaka ozayo ube ngowentethelelo, ukuqina, nokusondela kuye, futhi sengathi angamukela ukuzila kwethu nokuphenduka kwethu. Ameen.
Ikhalenda yamaSulumane iqala ngeHijrah — ukufuduka okwaguqula umlando. Funda indaba ephelele nezifundo zayo ezingapheli: IHijrah — Ukufuduka Okwaguqula Umlando.