Uma inkolelo iyinhliziyo ye-Islam, iziNsika Ezinhlanu ziwuhlaka lwayo — izenzo zokukhonza eziguqula isiqiniseko sibe indlela yokuphila. UMprofethi uMuhammad ﷺ wazichaza esishweni esidumile:
"I-Islam yakhelwe phezu kwezinhlanu: ukufakaza ukuthi akekho unkulunkulu ngaphandle kuka-Allah nokuthi uMuhammad uyisithunywa sika-Allah, ukumisa umthandazo, ukukhipha i-zakāh, ukwenza uhambo olungcwele oluya eNdlini, nokuzila inyanga kaRamadan."
(Sahih al-Bukhari, 8; Sahih Muslim, 16)
1. Shahādah — Isivumo Sokholo
Insika yokuqala isitatimende esilula esithwala sonke isisindo senkolo: Ashhadu an lā ilāha illā Allāh, wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan rasūlullāh — "Ngiyafakaza ukuthi akekho unkulunkulu ngaphandle kuka-Allah, futhi ngiyafakaza ukuthi uMuhammad uyisithunywa sika-Allah."
Ukusho la mazwi ngesiqiniseko esiqotho ukuba yiSilamu. Ingxenye yokuqala ifakaza i-tawhīd — ukuthi uNkulunkulu munye nokukhonza kungokwakhe yedwa; eyesibili ifakaza ukuthi uMuhammad ﷺ uyisithunywa sakhe. Yonke enye insika igobhoza kule eyodwa.
2. Salāh — Imithandazo Emihlanu Yansuku Zonke
AmaSilamu athandaza izikhathi ezinhlanu ngosuku — ekuseni, emini, ntambama, ekushoneni kwelanga, nasebusuku — ebheke iKa'bah eMakkah. Umthandazo uwuxhumano oluqondile phakathi kokhonzayo noNkulunkulu, ungadingi mpristi noma umlamuli.
"Ngempela, umthandazo uvimbela ukungcola nokona, futhi ukukhumbula u-Allah kukhulu."
(Surah Al-'Ankabut, 29:45)
UMprofethi ﷺ wawuqhathanisa nomfula ohlanzayo: "Ukube kukhona umfula emnyango womunye wenu agezela kuwo izikhathi ezinhlanu ngosuku, kungasala ukungcola kuye?" — kanjalo, washo, imithandazo emihlanu igezela izono. (Sahih al-Bukhari, 528)
3. Zakāh — Isadaka Esiphoqelekile
I-Zakāh yingxenye emisiweyo — ngokuvamile u-2.5% — yengcebo iSilamu esiyibambe unyaka, enikwa abampofu nezinye izigaba ezifanele. Akuyona intela kombuso kodwa yisenzo sokukhonza: ukuqaphela ukuthi yonke ingcebo ekugcineni ingekaNkulunkulu, nokuthi abanenhlanhla banomkhondo kwabaswele.
"Thatha engcebweni yabo isadaka ngaso ubahlanze nubakhulise…"
(Surah At-Tawbah, 9:103)
Igama elithi zakāh ngokwalo lisho "ukuhlanzeka" kanye "nokukhula" — ngoba lihlanza ingcebo nenhliziyo yomniki ekuhahheni.
4. Sawm — Ukuzila Inyanga KaRamadan
Inyanga eyodwa unyaka ngamunye, amaSilamu adala aphilile azila kusukela ekuseni kuze kushone ilanga — evimba ukudla, ukuphuza, nobudlelwane — ezinikela emthandazweni, eQuran, nokuzibamba. Ukuzila kwakha isiyalo, uzwelo kwabalambile, futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, i-taqwā — ukuqwashisa uNkulunkulu.
"O nina enikholwayo, ukuzila kumiselwe nina njengoba kwamiselwa labo abangaphambili kwenu, ukuze nibe abalungileyo."
(Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:183)
URamadan futhi inyanga iQuran eyembulwa okokuqala ngayo, kuyenza isikhathi sokuvuselelwa kokomoya kumaSilamu emhlabeni wonke.
5. Hajj — Uhambo Olungcwele Oluya EMakkah
Kanye empilweni, iSilamu ngalinye elikwaziyo ngokomzimba nangokwezimali kufanele lenze uhambo olungcwele oluya eMakkah. Ngesikhathi seHajj, izigidi zabantu — bawo wonke ubuhlanga nesizwe, begqoke izingubo ezimhlophe ezilula ezisula konke ukwahluka kwesikhundla nengcebo — bahlangana ukukhonza uNkulunkulu ndawonye.
"Futhi kungokuka-Allah kubantu uhambo olungcwele oluya eNdlini — kulowo okwazi ukuthola indlela eya khona."
(Surah Aal 'Imran, 3:97)
IHajj ingumfanekiso onamandla wokulingana nobunye besintu: amakhosi nezisebenzi zimi eduze, zingahlukaniseki, phambi kukaNkulunkulu oyedwa.
Isifinyezo
IziNsika Ezinhlanu — isivumo, umthandazo, isadaka, ukuzila, nohambo olungcwele — zinika i-Islam isigqi sayo osukwini, onyakeni, nasempilweni. Aziyona inkonzo engenalutho kodwa ukuqeqeshwa komuntu wonke: ulimi eqinisweni, umzimba esiyalweni, ingcebo ekuphaneni, nenhliziyo ekukhumbuleni njalo uNkulunkulu.
Ingxenye yo-Mhlahlandlela Ophelele Wokuqonda I-Islam. Okulandelayo: IziGxivizo Eziyisithupha Zokholo.