Yini I-Islam? Isingeniso Esiphelele

Igama elithi Islam yigama lesi-Arabhu elinencazelo ejulile. Livela empandeni efanayo neyigama elithi salām — ukuthula — futhi lisho ukuzinikela ngokuthanda kwaphela komuntu kuNkulunkulu. Ngakho iSilamu, ngokulula, "ngothile ozinikela kuNkulunkulu." Lokhu kuyingqikithi yenkolo: ukuthula okutholakala ngokuzinikela kuMdali wamazulu nomhlaba.

I-Islam ayiqanjwanga ngomuntu noma ngabantu — ngokungafani nezinye izinkolo eziningi. AmaSilamu akholwa ukuthi ayiyona inkolo entsha nhlobo, kodwa iyisimo sokugcina nesiphelele somyalezo owodwa uNkulunkulu awuthumela kuzo zonke izizwe ngabaprofethi bakhe: khonzani uNkulunkulu oyedwa weqiniso, niphile ngokulunga.

"Ngempela, inkolo emehlweni ka-Allah yi-Islam."

(Surah Aal 'Imran, 3:19)

Inhliziyo Ye-Islam: UNkulunkulu Oyedwa

Konke e-Islam kuqala ngeqiniso elilodwa, elingantengantengi: kukhona uNkulunkulu oyedwa kuphela — ngesi-Arabhu, Allah, igama elisho nje "UNkulunkulu." Akanamlingani, akanofana naye, akanandodana, futhi akanamqhudelwano. Akazalwanga, futhi akafi. UnguMdali wazo zonke izinto futhi akancikile lutho.

Le nkolelo — ubunye obuphelele bukaNkulunkulu — ibizwa ngokuthi tawhīd, futhi yisisekelo esakhelwa phezu kwaso inkolo yonke. IQuran iyibamba ngesahluko esisodwa esikhanyayo:

"Ithi: Nguye u-Allah, oyedwa. U-Allah, isiphephelo saphakade. Akazali futhi akazalwa, futhi akekho ofana naye."

(Surah Al-Ikhlas, 112:1–4)

Ukuba yiSilamu kusho, ngaphambi kwakho konke, ukufakaza lokhu: Lā ilāha illā Allāh — "Akekho unkulunkulu ngaphandle kuka-Allah" — nokuthi uMuhammad ﷺ uyisithunywa sakhe. IQuran ifundisa ukuthi injongo yobukhona bomuntu iboshelwe ekwazini nasekukhonzeni lo Nkulunkulu oyedwa:

"Angizange ngidale amajinni nabantu ngaphandle kokuthi bangikhonze."

(Surah Adh-Dhariyat, 51:56)

I-Islam: Umyalezo Wabo Bonke Abaprofethi

Enye yezici eziphawulekayo ze-Islam ukuthi ayithi yaqala ngekhulu lesi-7. AmaSilamu akholwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu wathumela abaprofethi kuzo zonke izizwe emlandweni — kufaka phakathi u-Adamu, uNowa, u-Abrahama, uMose, noJesu (ukuthula makube phezu kwabo bonke) — nokuthi ngamunye waletha umyalezo ofanayo oyisisekelo wokuzinikela kuNkulunkulu oyedwa. UMuhammad ﷺ wayengumprofethi wokugcina kule ketango elide, ethunywe ukuphelelisa nokugcina lowo myalezo kubo bonke abantu.

"Unimisele enkolweni lokho akuyala ngakho uNowa nalokho esikwembulile kuwe, nalokho esakuyala ngakho u-Abrahama noMose noJesu."

(Surah Ash-Shura, 42:13)

Yingakho amaSilamu ehlonipha kakhulu uJesu noMose (ukuthula makube phezu kwabo) — hhayi njengezithombe zenkolo eyimbangi, kodwa njengabaprofethi babo, abafowabo emsebenzini owodwa.

Izici Ezimbili Ze-Islam: Ukholo Nokwenza

I-Islam ivame ukuchazwa ngezakhiwo ezimbili ezihambisanayo: lokho iSilamu elikukholwayo (iziGxivizo Eziyisithupha Zokholo) nalokho iSilamu elikwenzayo (iziNsika Ezinhlanu). Lezi zafinyezwa nguMprofethi ﷺ ngokwakhe, lapho ingelosi uGabriyeli iza kuye isesimweni sendoda futhi imbuza phambi kwabalandeli bakhe — umbiko owaziwa ngokuthi iHadith kaGabriyeli. (Sahih Muslim, 8)

IziNsika Ezinhlanu Ze-Islam

Lezi yizenzo ezinhlanu zokukhonza ezakha uhlaka lwempilo yeSilamu. UMprofethi ﷺ wathi:

"I-Islam yakhelwe phezu kwezinhlanu: ukufakaza ukuthi akekho unkulunkulu ngaphandle kuka-Allah nokuthi uMuhammad uyisithunywa sika-Allah, ukumisa umthandazo, ukukhipha i-zakāh (isadaka esiphoqelekile), ukwenza uhambo olungcwele oluya eNdlini, nokuzila inyanga kaRamadan."

(Sahih al-Bukhari, 8; Sahih Muslim, 16)

• Shahādah — isivumo sokholo: ukuthi akekho unkulunkulu ngaphandle kuka-Allah, noMuhammad ﷺ uyisithunywa sakhe.
• Salāh — imithandazo emihlanu yansuku zonke, uxhumano oluqondile phakathi kokhonzayo noNkulunkulu.
• Zakāh — ukunikela ingxenye ethile yengcebo kwabaswele, kuhlanza kokubili ingcebo nenhliziyo.
• Sawm — ukuzila inyanga kaRamadan kusukela ekuseni kuze kushone ilanga, kwakha isiyalo nokuqwashisa uNkulunkulu.
• Hajj — uhambo olungcwele oluya eMakkah, oludingekayo kanye empilweni kulabo abakwazi.

IziGxivizo Eziyisithupha Zokholo

Lapho izinsika ziphathelene nesenzo, izigxivizo zokholo ziphathelene nenkolelo — izinkolelo zangaphakathi zenhliziyo. Lapho uGabriyeli ebuza uMprofethi ﷺ nge-īmān (ukholo), waphendula:

"Kungukukholwa ku-Allah, izingelosi zakhe, izincwadi zakhe, izithunywa zakhe, uSuku Lokugcina, nokukholwa esinqumweni saphezulu, kokubili okuhle nokubi kwaso."

(Sahih Muslim, 8)

• Ukukholwa ku-Allah — uNkulunkulu oyedwa, ochazwe ngenhla.
• Ukukholwa ezingelosini zakhe — izidalwa zokukhanya ezenza imiyalo kaNkulunkulu.
• Ukukholwa ezincwadini zakhe — izambulo ezathunyelwa kubaprofethi bakuqala (kufaka phakathi iThora neVangeli lokuqala), zaphelela zagcinwa eQuran.
• Ukukholwa ezithunyweni zakhe — uketango olude lwabaprofethi, kusukela ku-Adamu kuya kuMuhammad ﷺ.
• Ukukholwa kuSuku Lokugcina — uSuku Lokwahlulela, lapho wonke umphefumulo uzobalwa.
• Ukukholwa esinqumweni saphezulu — ukuthi akukho okwenzekayo ngaphandle kolwazi nentando kaNkulunkulu.

Inkolo Yokucabanga, Hhayi Yokuphoqelela

Umbono oyiphutha ovamile ukuthi i-Islam isabalala ngenkani. Nokho iQuran ngokwayo iyakwenqabela ukuphoqelela noma ubani ukuba akholwe:

"Akukho kuphoqelela enkolweni. Indlela eqondile isicacile kokungalungile."

(Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:256)

I-Islam idlulisela emqondweni. Kaningi, iQuran ikhomba umfundi endaweni yemvelo, kumuntu ngokwakhe, nasekuhlelekeni komkhathi, imema ukuzindla. Ukholo, e-Islam, kumelwe kube isiqiniseko esifinyelelwe ngenhliziyo nangomqondo ngokufanayo.

Isifinyezo

I-Islam iwukukholwa kuNkulunkulu oyedwa nokuzinikela ngokuthula kwaphela komuntu kuye. Kuwukuphelela komyalezo owaphathwa yibo bonke abaprofethi, okuvezwa ngezenzo ezinhlanu zokukhonza neziGxivizo eziyisithupha zenkolelo, futhi kukhululekile ekuphoqeleleni. Kunikeza umuntu injongo ecacile — ukwazi nokukhonza uMdali — futhi, kulokho, ukuthula okuhlala njalo.