Igama elithi Islam yigama lesi-Arabhu elinencazelo ejulile. Livela empandeni efanayo neyigama elithi salām, ukuthula, futhi lisho ukuzinikela ngokuthanda kwaphela komuntu kuNkulunkulu. Ngakho iSulumane, ngokulula, "ngothile ozinikela kuNkulunkulu." Lokhu kuyingqikithi yenkolo: ukuthula okutholakala ngokuzinikela kuMdali wamazulu nomhlaba.
I-Islam ayiqanjwanga ngomuntu noma ngabantu, ngokungafani nezinye izinkolo eziningi. Ayiyona inkolo entsha nhlobo, kodwa iyisimo sokugcina nesiphelele somyalezo owodwa uNkulunkulu awuthumela kuzo zonke izizwe ngabaprofethi bakhe: khonzani uNkulunkulu oyedwa weqiniso, niphile ngokulunga.
"Ngempela, inkolo emehlweni ka-Allah yi-Islam."
(Surah Aal 'Imran, 3:19)
Inhliziyo Ye-Islam: UNkulunkulu Oyedwa
Konke e-Islam kuqala ngeqiniso elilodwa, elingantengantengi: kukhona uNkulunkulu oyedwa kuphela, ngesi-Arabhu, Allah, igama elisho nje "UNkulunkulu." Akanamlingani, akanofana naye, akanandodana, futhi akanamqhudelwano. Akazalwanga, futhi akafi. UnguMdali wazo zonke izinto futhi akancikile lutho.
Le nkolelo, ubunye obuphelele bukaNkulunkulu, ibizwa ngokuthi tawhīd, futhi yisisekelo esakhelwa phezu kwaso inkolo yonke. IQur'an iyibamba ngesahluko esisodwa esikhanyayo:
"Ithi: Nguye u-Allah, oyedwa. U-Allah, isiphephelo saphakade. Akazali futhi akazalwa, futhi akekho ofana naye."
(Surah Al-Ikhlas, 112:1–4)
Ukuba yiSulumane kusho, ngaphambi kwakho konke, ukufakaza lokhu: Lā ilāha illā Allāh, "Akekho unkulunkulu ngaphandle kuka-Allah", nokuthi uMuhammad ﷺ uyisithunywa sakhe. IQur'an ifundisa ukuthi injongo yobukhona bomuntu iboshelwe ekwazini nasekukhonzeni lo Nkulunkulu oyedwa:
"Angizange ngidale amajinni nabantu ngaphandle kokuthi bangikhonze."
(Surah Adh-Dhariyat, 51:56)
I-Islam: Umyalezo Wabo Bonke Abaprofethi
Enye yezici eziphawulekayo ze-Islam ukuthi ayithi yaqala ngekhulu lesi-7. UNkulunkulu wathumela abaprofethi kuzo zonke izizwe emlandweni, kufaka phakathi u-Adamu, uNowa, u-Abrahama, uMose, noJesu (ukuthula makube phezu kwabo bonke), futhi ngamunye waletha umyalezo ofanayo oyisisekelo wokuzinikela kuNkulunkulu oyedwa. UMuhammad ﷺ wayengumprofethi wokugcina kule ketango elide, ethunywe ukuphelelisa nokugcina lowo myalezo kubo bonke abantu.
"Unimisele enkolweni lokho akuyala ngakho uNowa nalokho esikwembulile kuwe, nalokho esakuyala ngakho u-Abrahama noMose noJesu."
(Surah Ash-Shura, 42:13)
Yingakho amaSulumane ehlonipha kakhulu uJesu noMose (ukuthula makube phezu kwabo), hhayi njengezithombe zenkolo eyimbangi, kodwa njengabaprofethi babo, abafowabo emsebenzini owodwa.
Izici Ezimbili Ze-Islam: Ukholo Nokwenza
I-Islam ivame ukuchazwa ngezakhiwo ezimbili ezihambisanayo: lokho iSulumane elikukholwayo (iziGxivizo Eziyisithupha Zokholo) nalokho iSulumane elikwenzayo (iziNsika Ezinhlanu). Lezi zafinyezwa nguMprofethi ﷺ ngokwakhe, lapho ingelosi uGabriyeli iza kuye isesimweni sendoda futhi imbuza phambi kwabalandeli bakhe, umbiko owaziwa ngokuthi iHadith kaGabriyeli. (Sahih Muslim 8a, Book 1, Hadith 1)
IziNsika Ezinhlanu Ze-Islam
Lezi yizenzo ezinhlanu zokukhonza ezakha uhlaka lwempilo yeSulumane. UMprofethi ﷺ wathi:
"Al-Islam implies that you testify that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the messenger of Allah, and you establish prayer, pay Zakat, observe the fast of Ramadan, and perform pilgrimage to the (House) if you are solvent enough (to bear the expense of) the journey."
(Sahih Muslim 8a, Book 1, Hadith 1)
- Shahadah. Isivumo sokholo: ukuthi akekho unkulunkulu ngaphandle kuka-Allah, noMuhammad ﷺ uyisithunywa sakhe.
- Salah. Imithandazo emihlanu yansuku zonke, uxhumano oluqondile phakathi kokhonzayo noNkulunkulu.
- Zakah. Ukunikela ingxenye ethile yengcebo kwabaswele, kuhlanza kokubili ingcebo nenhliziyo.
- Sawm. Ukuzila inyanga kaRamadan kusukela ekuseni kuze kushone ilanga, kwakha isiyalo nokuqwashisa uNkulunkulu.
- Hajj. Uhambo olungcwele oluya eMakkah, oludingekayo kanye empilweni kulabo abakwazi.
IziGxivizo Eziyisithupha Zokholo
Lapho izinsika ziphathelene nesenzo, izigxivizo zokholo ziphathelene nenkolelo, izinkolelo zangaphakathi zenhliziyo. Lapho uGabriyeli ebuza uMprofethi ﷺ nge-īmān (ukholo), waphendula:
"That you affirm your faith in Allah, in His angels, in His Books, in His Apostles, in the Day of Judgment, and you affirm your faith in the Divine Decree about good and evil."
(Sahih Muslim 8a, Book 1, Hadith 1)
- Ukukholwa ku-Allah. UNkulunkulu oyedwa, ochazwe ngenhla.
- Ukukholwa ezingelosini zakhe. Izidalwa zokukhanya ezenza imiyalo kaNkulunkulu.
- Ukukholwa ezincwadini zakhe. Izambulo ezathunyelwa kubaprofethi bakuqala (kufaka phakathi iThora neVangeli lokuqala), zaphelela zagcinwa eQur'an.
- Ukukholwa ezithunyweni zakhe. Uketango olude lwabaprofethi, kusukela ku-Adamu kuya kuMuhammad ﷺ.
- Ukukholwa kuSuku Lokugcina. USuku Lokwahlulela, lapho wonke umphefumulo uzobalwa.
- Ukukholwa esinqumweni saphezulu. Ukuthi akukho okwenzekayo ngaphandle kolwazi nentando kaNkulunkulu.
Inkolo Yokucabanga, Hhayi Yokuphoqelela
Umbono oyiphutha ovamile ukuthi i-Islam isabalala ngenkani. Nokho iQur'an ngokwayo iyakwenqabela ukuphoqelela noma ubani ukuba akholwe:
"Akukho kuphoqelela enkolweni. Indlela eqondile isicacile kokungalungile."
(Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:256)
I-Islam idlulisela emqondweni. Kaningi, iQur'an ikhomba umfundi endaweni yemvelo, kumuntu ngokwakhe, nasekuhlelekeni komkhathi, imema ukuzindla. Ukholo, e-Islam, kumelwe kube isiqiniseko esifinyelelwe ngenhliziyo nangomqondo ngokufanayo.
Okunye Ongakufunda
- The Qur'an. Funda ngokwakho, nenguqulo nokufundwa.
- Sahih al-Bukhari & Sahih Muslim. Amaqoqo amabili aqinisekiswe kakhulu ezinkulumeni zikaMprofethi ﷺ.
- Riyad as-Salihin (Imam an-Nawawi), iqoqo elithandekayo lama-hadith ngokholo, isimilo, nokukhonza.
- The Sealed Nectar (Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum), indaba yempilo kaMprofethi ﷺ ewine imiklomelo.
- Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources. Martin Lings. impilo yakhe esekelwe emithonjeni yakuqala.
Qhubeka Ngohambo Lwakho
Ingxenye yo-Mhlahlandlela Ophelele Wokuqonda I-Islam .
Mayelana nesicaphuno sehadith. Sivela lapha ngesiNgisi, igama ngegama, njengoba sibhaliwe emthonjeni wethu ogunyaziwe (Sahih Muslim 8a, Incwadi 1, Hadith 1). Ayikho inguqulo yesiZulu noma yesiXhosa eqinisekisiwe yale hadith kulowo mthombo. Ihadith icaphunwa njengoba injalo, asiyihumushi ngokwethu.