Amalungelo anawo owesifazane e-Islam avela esambulweni. Abekwe eQur'an nasekwenzeni kukaMprofethi uMuhammad ﷺ, ngakho awukho umkhuba womndeni noma isiko lendawo elinamandla okuwesula. Into ayibi ngeye-Islam ngoba nje yenzeka ekhaya lamaSulumane.
Lokhu okulandelayo kuthathwe eQur'an nakuSahih al-Bukhari. Isinqumo ngasinye esingezansi sinevesi noma indaba engemuva kwaso, eshiwo lapho sisetshenziswa khona.
Umile Yedwa Phambi Kuka-Allah
ISurah An-Nisa iqala ngokukhuluma nabantu bonke ngasikhathi sinye, ibasekele emsukeni owodwa:
"O mankind! reverence your Guardian-Lord, who created you from a single person, created, of like nature, His mate, and from them twain scattered (like seeds) countless men and women;- reverence Allah, through whom ye demand your mutual (rights), and (reverence) the wombs (That bore you): for Allah ever watches over you."
(Surah An-Nisa, 4:1)
Lapho iQur'an ibala izimfanelo u-Allah azivuzayo, ibiza abesilisa nabesifazane ndawonye esinyathelweni ngasinye, ekukholweni, nasekulaleleni, naseqinisweni, nasekubekezeleni, nasekuzithobeni, nasekuphaneni, nasekuzileni, nasekuzithibeni, nasekukhumbuleni u-Allah. Bese ibanika isithembiso esisodwa:
"For Muslim men and women,- for believing men and women, for devout men and women, for true men and women, for men and women who are patient and constant, for men and women who humble themselves, for men and women who give in Charity, for men and women who fast (and deny themselves), for men and women who guard their chastity, and for men and women who engage much in Allah's praise,- for them has Allah prepared forgiveness and great reward."
(Surah Al-Ahzab, 33:35)
Kunjalo nangempilo ethenjiswe umkholwa kulo mhlaba:
"Whoever works righteousness, man or woman, and has Faith, verily, to him will We give a new Life, a life that is good and pure and We will bestow on such their reward according to the best of their actions."
(Surah An-Nahl, 16:97)
Indawo yowesifazane ku-Allah ayiphathwa egameni lakhe ngubaba, noma umyeni, noma indodana. Uyakholwa, akhonze, aphenduke, futhi aphendule ngalokho akwenzayo. Umvuzo oshiwo kula mavesi uthenjiswe yena ngqo.
Umcebo Ongowakhe
IQur'an imbheka owesifazane njengomnikazi. Uyalithola ifa, abambe impahla, futhi lokho akuphanayo ukupha ngesinqumo sakhe.
"From what is left by parents and those nearest related there is a share for men and a share for women, whether the property be small or large,-a determinate share."
(Surah An-Nisa, 4:7)
Ubungako besabelo buncike ekutheni owesifazane uhlobene kanjani nomufi, futhi iQur'an ibeka lezo zilinganiso ngokuningiliziwe. Okusele kuleli vesi yilokhu okungasusweki yisihlobo noma isiko: isabelo sakhe simisiwe, futhi singesakhe.
I-mahr yakhe, isipho somshado, ingeyakhe ngendlela efanayo:
"And give the women (on marriage) their dower as a free gift; but if they, of their own good pleasure, remit any part of it to you, Take it and enjoy it with right good cheer."
(Surah An-Nisa, 4:4)
Umyeni angathola ingxenye yayo emuva ngesimo esisodwa kuphela, ukuthi akhethe ukuyinika. Isibopho sakhe sokondla umuzi asenzi umcebo wakhe ube ngowakhe.
ISunnah iphinde ilandise ngesisombululo esisebenzayo lapho lokho kusekelwa kunqatshwa. UHind bint 'Utba (u-Allah akakholise ngaye) watshela uMprofethi ﷺ ukuthi umyeni wakhe akamniki okwanele yena nezingane zakhe, wabuza ukuthi angathatha yini empahleni yakhe engazi:
"Take what is sufficient for you and your children, and the amount should be just and reasonable."
(Sahih al-Bukhari 5364, Book 69, Hadith 14)
Waletha isikhalo, impendulo yaba yisisombululo angasisebenzisa.
Awukho Umshado Ngaphandle Kwemvume Yakhe
IQur'an ichaza umshado njengendawo yokuphumula, hhayi njengokuthengiselana:
"And among His Signs is this, that He created for you mates from among yourselves, that ye may dwell in tranquillity with them, and He has put love and mercy between your (hearts): verily in that are Signs for those who reflect."
(Surah Ar-Rum, 30:21)
Umshado uqala ngokuvuma kwakhe. UMprofethi ﷺ wathi:
"A matron should not be given in marriage except after consulting her; and a virgin should not be given in marriage except after her permission."
(Sahih al-Bukhari 5136, Book 67, Hadith 72)
Lokhu akushiywanga njengeseluleko. UKhansa bint Khidam al-Ansariyya (u-Allah akakholise ngaye) washadiswa nguyise, wangawuthanda lowo mshado, waya kuMprofethi ﷺ ngawo. Wawuchitha lowo mshado (Sahih al-Bukhari 5138, Book 67, Hadith 74). Uyise wayenzile, ukuphika kwakhe kwakuchitha.
Indlela Yokuphuma
Owesifazane ongakwazi ukuqhubeka emshadweni unendlela yokuphuma kuwo. Umka-Thabit ibn Qais waletha udaba lwakhe kuMprofethi ﷺ, wayesethi kuThabit:
"Accept your garden, and divorce her once."
(Sahih al-Bukhari 5273, Book 68, Hadith 22)
Washo ukuthi akatholi phutha esimilweni sakhe noma enkolweni yakhe, wavuma ukubuyisa ingadi ayeyinikwe, uMprofethi ﷺ wayesetshela uThabit ukuba ahlukane naye.
Ukufunda
Abesifazane bafunda kuMprofethi ﷺ ngqo, futhi leso silungiselelo savela kubo:
"Some women requested the Prophet (ﷺ) to fix a day for them as the men were taking all his time. On that he promised them one day for religious lessons and commandments."
(Sahih al-Bukhari 101, Book 3, Hadith 43)
Le hadith ibeka ukufunda kwabesifazane phakathi kokufundisa kukaMprofethi ﷺ ngokwakhe. Bacela isikhathi esibekelwe bona, wabanika sona.
Umama
IQur'an ihlanganisa ukubonga abazali nalokho umama akuthwalayo:
"And We have enjoined on man (to be good) to his parents: in travail upon travail did his mother bear him, and in years twain was his weaning: (hear the command), "Show gratitude to Me and to thy parents: to Me is (thy final) Goal."
(Surah Luqman, 31:14)
Indoda yabuza uMprofethi ﷺ ukuthi ngubani onelungelo elikhulu kunabo bonke ebunganeni bayo obuhle. Waphendula wathi, "Umama wakho." Yabuza futhi, nafuthi, impendulo ayishintshanga. Kwaba sekubuzeni kwesine lapho athi khona, "Uyihlo" (Sahih al-Bukhari 5971, Book 78, Hadith 2).
Ngokuphendula athi "Umama wakho" kathathu, uMprofethi ﷺ wabeka phezu kwezingane zakhe isibopho esicacile sokunakekela, sokubekezela, nesokubonga.
Lapho Isenzo Singahambisani Nemfundiso
AmaSulumane awahlali egcina lokhu. Owesifazane angavinjwa ifa lakhe, aphoqwe emshadweni, angayitholi i-mahr yakhe, ashiywe ngaphandle kokusekelwa, noma anqandwe ekufundeni inkolo yakhe. Akukho kulokho okwamukelekayo ngoba umndeni ukubiza ngesiko.
Ubufakazi obungenhla bucacile ngokwanele ukuba lokho kushiwo. U-Allah wamisa isabelo sakhe efeni. Wenza i-mahr ibe ngeyakhe. UMprofethi ﷺ wafuna imvume yakhe, wachitha umshado ayengawuvumanga, wamnika indlela yokuphuma kulowo ayengakwazi ukuhlala kuwo, watshela umfazi ukuthi angathathani lapho engondliwa, futhi wabekela abesifazane usuku lokubafundisa lapho becela.
Lapho umphakathi wamaSulumane ungafiki kulokho, ukulungisa akuyona imicabango emisha. YiQur'an neSunnah kusetshenziswa njengoba kunjalo.
Imithombo Esetshenzisiwe
- IQur'an: 4:1, 4:4, 4:7, 16:97, 30:21, 31:14 no-33:35. Izicaphuno zithathwe enguqulweni ka-Abdullah Yusuf Ali ku-quran.com.
- Sahih al-Bukhari: 101, 5136, 5138, 5273, 5364 no-5971.
Qhubeka Ngohambo Lwakho
Ingxenye yo-Mhlahlandlela Ophelele Wokuqonda I-Islam .