Amalungelo Abesifazane E-Islam

Mhlawumbe ayikho ingxenye ye-Islam exoxwa kakhulu — noma engaqondwa kangako — kunezimfundiso zayo ngabesifazane. Imikhuba yamasiko kweminye imiphakathi yamaSilamu ivame ukuphanjaniswa nenkolo ngokwayo. Ukuqonda i-Islam ngokunembile, umuntu kufanele abuyele emithonjeni yayo yangempela: iQuran nezimfundiso eziqinisekisiwe zikaMprofethi uMuhammad ﷺ. Lapho, umuntu uthola iqoqo lamalungelo neziqu ezanikwa abesifazane ngesikhathi umhlaba omningi ubanikeza cishe lutho.

Ukulingana Ngokomoya Phambi KukaNkulunkulu

IQuran icacile: abesilisa nabesifazane balingana ngokomoya, badalwe emphefumulweni owodwa, futhi babalwa balinganiswe ngokufanayo phambi kukaNkulunkulu. Ukholo nokulunga — hhayi ubulili — kunquma ukubaluleka komuntu emehlweni akhe.

"Noma ubani owenza ukulunga, kungakhathaliseki owesilisa noma owesifazane engikholwa — sizomenza aphile impilo enhle, futhi sizomnika umvuzo wakhe ngokwalokho okuhle abekwenza."

(Surah An-Nahl, 16:97)

IQuran ikhuluma emakholweni esilisa nesifazane eceleni komunye, iwathembisa intethelelo efanayo nomvuzo ofanayo:

"Ngempela, amaSilamu esilisa namaSilamu esifazane, amakholwa esilisa namakholwa esifazane… u-Allah ubalungisele intethelelo nomvuzo omkhulu."

(Surah Al-Ahzab, 33:35)

Ukuphela Kwenkathi Elunya

I-Islam yavela emphakathini lapho amadodakazi ayembelwa ephila ngenxa yehlazo noma ukwesaba ubumpofu. IQuran yakulahla lokhu kwenza ngamazwi aqinile, ixwayisa ngosuku lapho ingane yentombazane embelwe ngokwayo izobuzwa ukuthi yabulawelwa yiciphi icala:

"Futhi lapho intombazane eyembelwa iphila ibuzwa, ukuthi yabulawelwa yisiphi isono…"

(Surah At-Takwir, 81:8–9)

Ilungelo Lempahla Nefa

I-Islam yanika abesifazane ilungelo lokuba nempahla, ukuphatha amabhizinisi, nokugcina imali yabo — ngokuzimela kunoma yimuphi umuntu wesilisa — amakhulu eminyaka ngaphambi kokuba lawo malungelo abe avamile kwenye indawo. Impahla yowesifazane ingeyakhe; umyeni akanalungelo phezu kwayo. I-Islam yaphinde yaqinisekisela abesifazane ingxenye emisiweyo yefa ngesikhathi, ezindaweni eziningi, ababengeke bathole lutho:

"Kwabesilisa kunengxenye yalokho abazali nezihlobo ezakshiyayo, futhi kwabesifazane kunengxenye yalokho abazali nezihlobo ezakushiyayo."

(Surah An-Nisa, 4:7)

Isithunzi Emshadweni

E-Islam, owesifazane akakwazi ukushadiswa ngaphandle kwemvume yakhe; ukuvuma kwakhe kuyisimo somshado ovumelekile. Unelungelo le-mahr — isipho somshado esinikwa yena, kuye yedwa. IQuran ichaza ubudlelwane phakathi kwabashadikazi hhayi njengobunini kodwa njengothando, umusa, nobungane:

"Futhi kuzimpawu zakhe ukuthi wanidalela kini ngokwenu abalingani ukuze nithole ukuthula kubo; wabeka phakathi kwenu uthando nomusa."

(Surah Ar-Rum, 30:21)

UMprofethi ﷺ wabeka izinga lokuthi amadoda kufanele awaphathe kanjani abesifazane: "Abangcono kini yilabo abahle kakhulu kubafazi babo." (Sunan al-Tirmidhi, 3895)

Udumo Lukamama

I-Islam iphakamisa isikhundla sikamama ngaphezu kwacishe bonke abanye. IQuran iyala umusa kubazali, inika ukubalula okukhethekile umhlatshelo kamama:

"Futhi siyale umuntu ngokunakekela abazali bakhe. Unina wamthwala ngobuthakathaka phezu kobuthakathaka, futhi ukumlumula kwakhe kuyiminyaka emibili…"

(Surah Luqman, 31:14)

Indoda yake yabuza uMprofethi ﷺ ukuthi ngubani ofanele kakhulu ubungane bakhe obuhle. Waphendula, "Unyoko." Indoda yabuza futhi; wathi, "Unyoko." Okwesithathu; "Unyoko." Kwaba kokwesine kuphela lapho ethi, "Bese kuba nguyihlo." (Sahih al-Bukhari, 5971; Sahih Muslim, 2548)

Ukufuna Ulwazi

Ukufuna ulwazi kuyisibopho e-Islam kuwo wonke umSilamu — owesilisa nowesifazane ngokufanayo. Abesifazane bomphakathi wamaSilamu wokuqala babe izifundiswa, abalandisi bomlando kaMprofethi, othisha, nabeluleki. Unkosikazi kaMprofethi u-'A'ishah (u-Allah akakholise ngaye) wayephakathi kwezifundiswa ezinkulu zesizukulwane sakhe, efundisa abesilisa nabesifazane ngokufanayo.

Isifinyezo

I-Islam inika abesifazane ukulingana ngokomoya, ilungelo lempahla nefa, imvume nesithunzi emshadweni, udumo njengomama, kanye nesibopho nelungelo lokufuna ulwazi. Lapho la malungelo enqatshelwa emsebenzini, iphutha lisemasikweni nakumkhuba — hhayi ezimfundisweni zeQuran nezikaMprofethi ﷺ, ezeza ukuphakamisa abesifazane, hhayi ukubabambezela.