Kuzo zonke iziganeko kwimbali yamaSilamsi, zimbalwa ezinobunzima beHijrah — ukufuduka koMprofeti uMuhammad ﷺ ukusuka eMakkah ukuya eMadina. Yaphawula ukuzalwa koluntu lokuqala lwamaSilamsi, ukuqala kombuso wamaSilamsi, kunye nexesha elabaluleka kangangokuba amaSilamsi aya kuthi kamva abale yonke ikhalenda yawo kulo. Unyaka omtsha weHijri esiwamkelayo ngoku uthabatha igama lawo kulo hambo kanye.
Iminyaka Elishumi Elinesithathu Yomonde
Kwiminyaka elishumi elinesithathu emide eMakkah, uMprofeti ﷺ nabalandeli bakhe banyamezela intshutshiso, ukuvinjelwa, ukuthuthunjelwa, nokugxothwa ngaphandle kolunye ulwaphulo-mthetho ngaphandle kokutsho ukuthi "Akukho thixo ngaphandle koAllah." Amakholwa ayebethwa, elanjiswa, ebulawa. Kanti nangoko konke, uMprofeti ﷺ wahlala enomonde ezimasekile, ebiza abantu enyanisweni.
Xa abantu baseYathrib (eyaba yiMadina kamva) bamkela i-Islam kwaye bathembisa ukukhusela uMprofeti ﷺ, uAllah ekugqibeleni wanika imvume yokufuduka. Ngamnye ngamnye, amaSilamsi arhubuluka eMakkah esiya kwikhaya lawo elitsha — kwada kwasala uMprofeti ﷺ, uAbu Bakr, noAli (wanga uAllah angakholiseka ngabo) kuphela.
Iyelenqe Nobusuku Bokumka
Iinkokeli zamaQuraysh, zothukile, zahlangana zaza zaqulunqa iyelenqe: umfana omtsha kwisizwe ngasinye wayeza kubetha uMprofeti ﷺ kunye, ukuze igazi lakhe libe phezu kwabo bonke kwaye usapho lwakhe lungakwazi ukuphindezela. UAllah watyhila iyelenqe labo:
"Kwaye [khumbula, Muhammad] xa abo bangakholwayo baceba iyelenqe ngokuchasene nawe ukukubamba okanye ukukubulala okanye ukukugxotha. Kodwa baceba, kwaye uAllah uyaceba. Kwaye uAllah ungoyena mcebi ulungileyo."
(Surah Al-Anfal, 8:30)
Ngobo busuku bumisiweyo, ababulali barhangqa indlu yakhe. Kodwa uMprofeti ﷺ wacela uAli (wanga uAllah angakholiseka nguye) ukuba alale ebhedini yakhe, waza waphuma phakathi kwabo engabonwa, esiya kwikhaya lika-Abu Bakr. Bobabini basuka kunye phantsi kwesigqubuthelo sobusuku.
Umqolomba WeThawr
Endaweni yokuya emantla eMadina, uMprofeti ﷺ noAbu Bakr bahamba baya emazantsi — inyathelo eliqaqambileyo lokulahlekisa abaleqi babo — baza bazimela emqolombeni kwiNtaba iThawr. AmaQuraysh anikela ubutyebi ngokubabamba, kwaye amaqela okukhangela akhangela loo ndawo. Ngaxesha lithile, abaleqi bema kanye emlonyeni womqolomba.
UAbu Bakr (wanga uAllah angakholiseka nguye) woyika — kungekhona ngaye, kodwa ngoMthunywa ka-Allah ﷺ. Wasebeza wathi, "Ukuba omnye wabo ujonga ezantsi ezinyaweni zakhe, uya kusibona." UMprofeti ﷺ waphendula ngamazwi entembeko epheleleyo ku-Allah:
"Musa ukuba lusizi; inene uAllah unathi."
(Surah At-Tawbah, 9:40)
Kwaye kwenye ingxelo:
"Owu Abu Bakr, ucinga ntoni ngababini, wesithathu wabo nguAllah?"
(Sahih al-Bukhari 3653 · Sahih Muslim 2381)
Abaleqi bajika bemka, baza bobabini basala emqolombeni ubusuku obuthathu ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nohambo lwabo.
USuraqah Nehashe Elitshonayo
Njengoko babehamba, uSuraqah ibn Malik wabaleqa, enethemba lokuzuza umvuzo wokubabamba. Kodwa ngamaxesha onke ihashe lakhe lisondela, imilenze yalo yayitshona emhlabeni. Eqonda ukuba ujongene nento enkulu kunombaleki, uSuraqah wacela ukukhuseleka. UMprofeti ﷺ, nakweli xesha longozi, waxela ikamva elimangalisayo — ukuba uSuraqah wayeza kuthi ngenye imini anxibe izacholo zikaKhosrow, umlawuli wasePerisi. Kwiminyaka kamva, emva koloyiso lwamaSilamsi, eso siprofeto senzeka. (Sahih al-Bukhari 3906)
IMasjid Yokuqala: IQuba
Efika ekhuselekile kumaphandle eMadina, uMprofeti ﷺ waqala wema eQuba, apho wamisela khona eyona masjid yokuqala ye-Islam — imasjid uAllah ngokwaKhe wayidumisayo:
"Imasjid esekwe ebulungiseni ukususela kwimini yokuqala ifaneleke ngakumbi ukuba ume kuyo. Ngaphakathi kuyo kukho amadoda athanda ukuzihlambulula; kwaye uAllah uyabathanda abo bazihlambululayo."
(Surah At-Tawbah, 9:108)
Ukwamkelwa KwaseMadina
Njengoko uMprofeti ﷺ wangena eMadina, isixeko sagcwala luvuyo. AmaAnsar — abaNcedi — baphuma bamamkela ngombhiyozo nengoma, iintliziyo zabo ziphuphuma kukuba uMthunywa ka-Allah ﷺ ekugqibeleni ufike kuhlala phakathi kwabo. Yayilusuku olona lwaluvuya iMadina eyakha yalwazi.
Apho, uMprofeti ﷺ wabeka iziseko zoluntu olutsha. Wakha iMasjid yoMprofeti (Al-Masjid an-Nabawi), kwaye — kwesinye sezona zenzo zimangalisayo zomanyano embalini — wamisela ubuzalwana (mu'akhah) phakathi kwaMuhajirun (abemi abafuduka eMakkah) namaAnsar (abaNcedi baseMadina). AmaAnsar abelana ngamakhaya, ubutyebi, nomhlaba wawo nabazalwana bawo elukholweni, engaceli nto ngasemva. (Sahih al-Bukhari 3937)
UAllah wenza idini nothando lwabo lungapheli:
"Kwaye [nangabo] ababehlala eMadina baza [bamkela] ukholo ngaphambi kwabo. Bayabathanda abo bafuduka besiya kubo kwaye abafumani mnqweno ezifubeni zabo woko bakunikiweyo kodwa banika [abafuduki] uthando ngaphezu kwabo, nangona besweleka."
(Surah Al-Hashr, 59:9)
Kutheni Ikhalenda Iqala NgeHijrah
Kwiminyaka kamva, ngexesha lobukhalifa buka-Umar ibn al-Khattab (wanga uAllah angakholiseka nguye), amaSilamsi ayefuna indawo yokuqala emiselweyo yekhalenda yawo. Emva kokubonisana namaQabane, uUmar wakhetha kungekhona ukuzalwa koMprofeti, nokutyhilwa kokuqala, nakoloyiso olukhulu — kodwa iHijrah.
Kutheni? Kuba iHijrah yayilixesha apho i-Islam yasuka kumyalezo otshutshisiweyo yaya kuluntu olumiselweyo — ixesha apho ukholo lwafumana ikhaya nekamva. Yayilixesha eliguqulayo kungekhona lobomi bomntu omnye, kodwa lwe-Ummah yonke. Kude kube namhlanje, wonke umhla weHijri esiwubhalayo yimbeko ethuleyo yolo hambo.
IHijrah Ngaphakathi Kwethu
Izifundo zeHijrah azivalelwanga kwixesha elidlulileyo — zithetha kwikholwa ngalinye kwixesha ngalinye:
- Themba icebo lika-Allah. "Musa ukuba lusizi; inene uAllah unathi." Nokuba urhangqwe yingozi, intliziyo yekholwa iphumla ku-Allah.
- Thabatha amacebo, uze wxhomekeke ku-Allah. UMprofeti ﷺ waceba ngononophelo — umkhokeli, indlela eyahlukileyo, indawo yokuzimela — waza wathemba uAllah ngokupheleleyo. Ukholo nomgudu zihamba kunye.
- Ubuzalwana ngaphezu kobuqu. AmaAnsar anika abanye uthando ngaphezu kwawo. Ukholo lokwenene lunesisa.
- Idini ngenxa yoko kubalulekileyo. AbaMuhajirun bashiya amakhaya, ubutyebi, nendawo yokuzalwa kwabo ngenxa ka-Allah — kwaye uAllah wakubuyisela ngento enkulu kakhulu.
UMprofeti ﷺ wafundisa ukuba umoya wokufuduka uyaqhubeka ixesha elide emva kohambo ngokwalo:
"Umfuduki (wokwenene) ngulowo ushiya oko uAllah akwalelayo."
(Sahih al-Bukhari 10)
Kwaye wasikhumbuza ukuba sonke isenzo — kubandakanya ukufuduka — sigwetywa ngenjongo:
"Izenzo zingezinjongo kuphela, kwaye umntu ngamnye uya kuba noko wayekujongile kuphela. Ngoko nabani na owafudukela uAllah noMthunywa waKhe, ukufuduka kwakhe kungenxa ka-Allah noMthunywa waKhe…"
(Sahih al-Bukhari 1 · Sahih Muslim 1907)
Unyaka Omtsha, Uhambo Olutsha
Njengoko sisamkela unyaka omtsha weHijri, iHijrah simema ngamnye kuthi ukuba enze ukufuduka kwakhe — kungekhona ukusuka kwesinye isixeko ukuya kwesinye, kodwa ukusuka kungakhathaleli ukuya ekuqapheleni, ukusuka esonweni ukuya enguqukweni, ukusuka ekuphazamisekeni ukuya ekuzinikeleni. Ikholwa lihlala luhambo olusinga ku-Allah.
Wanga uAllah angawenza lo nyaka ube yiHijrah yentliziyo kuthi sonke — unyaka apho sisondela kuYe, sishiya ngasemva oko kungamkholisiyo, size sifumane, njengoko amaQabane enzayo, ukuba nantoni na esiyinikela ngenxa yaKhe, uyibuyisela ngento entle kakhulu. Ameen.
Unyaka omtsha uvula ngenyanga engcwele kaMuharram nokuzila okukhulu kwe-Ashura. Funda ngakumbi: UMuharram — Inyanga Engcwele Nonyaka Omtsha wamaSilamsi.