Umprofeti ngamnye, amaMuslim akholelwa, wanikwa ummangaliso owawuthetha kumandla abantu bakhe. Ngexesha likaMoses, umlingo wawuphethwe kakuhle, ngoko ummangaliso wakhe woyisa abalingi. Ngexesha likaYesu, unyango lwaluxatyiswa, ngoko waphilisa iimfama nabaneqhenqa ngemvume kaThixo. Ngexesha likaMuhammad ﷺ, ama-Arabhu ayengabaphathi abangenamkhuphiswano bolwimi neentsomi. Ngoko ummangaliso wakhe wawungeyondlela okanye isandla sokuphilisa, kodwa incwadi: iQur'an.
Yintoni IQur'an?
IQur'an yincwadi engcwele ye-Islam, kumaMuslim, lilizwi lokwenene, elingatshintshwanga likaThixo, elatyhilwa kuMprofeti uMuhammad ﷺ ngengelosi uGabriyeli kwithuba leminyaka emalunga namashumi amabini anesithathu. Ayiyoncwadi yobomi bukaMprofeti ﷺ, kwaye ayibhalwanga nguye. AmaMuslim akholelwa ukuba wayengumamkeli wayo, kungekhona umbhali wayo.
"Le yiNcwadi ekungekho thandabuzo ngayo, isikhokelo kwabo baqwalasela uAllah."
(Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:2)
Incwadi Egcinwe Igama Ngegama
Mhlawumbi eyona nyaniso iphawuleka kakhulu ngeQur'an kukugcinwa kwayo. Ukususela kumzuzu indinyana nganye yatyhilwa, yabhalwa phantsi ngababhali kwaye yafundwa ngentloko. Kude kube namhlanje, izigidi zamaMuslim, zawo onke umbala nesizwe, abaninzi bawo abangathethiyo nkqu isiArabhu, bafunde iQur'an iphela ngentloko, igama ngegama. Umntwana eNigeria, ixhego e-Indonesia, nomfundi eYiputa baya kuyifunda ngokufanayo.
Oku akuyongozi. UThixo ngokwakhe wathembisa ukuyilinda:
"Inene, sithi esathumela ezantsi isiKhumbuzo, kwaye inene, siya kuba ngumlondi waso."
(Surah Al-Hijr, 15:9)
Umphumela kukuba iQur'an efundwa namhlanje, iyona kanye, unobumba ngonobumba, umbhalo owawufundwa nguMprofeti ﷺ kwiminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu elinamashumi amane eyadlulayo.
Yadityaniswa Njani IQur'an
Umbuzo abangengomaMuslim abadla ngokuwubuza ngulo: incwadi eyatyhilwa inxalenye ngenxalenye, kwithuba leminyaka engamashumi amabini anesithathu, yafikelela njani ekubeni yincwadi enye esiyibambe namhlanje? Impendulo yimbali ebhaliweyo yamanqanaba amathathu.
- Ngexesha lobomi bukaMprofeti ﷺ: Njengoko isicatshulwa ngasinye satyhilwa, uMprofeti ﷺ wayesichaza kubabhali, ababesibhala phantsi kuyo nantoni na eyayikho, ulusu, ithambo, kwaye ecacisa ukuba indinyana nganye ime phi. Ngexesha elifanayo, amaqabane amaninzi afunda iQur'an iphela ngentloko. Ngoko ukususela ekuqaleni, yayikho ngeendlela ezimbini ngaxesha linye: ibhaliwe kwaye ifundwe ngentloko.
- Phantsi kuka-Abu Bakr: Emva kokusweleka koMprofeti ﷺ, idabi lathabatha ubomi babaninzi ababefunde iQur'an ngentloko. Esoyika ilahleko, ukhalifa wokuqala, u-Abu Bakr (wanga uAllah angakholiseka nguye), wayalela ukuba iingxelo ezibhaliweyo eziphangalalayo ziqokelelwe zibe yikopi enye eqinisekisiweyo, indinyana nganye ijongwa kwiingxelo ezibhaliweyo nakwiinkumbulo zabaleseli.
- Phantsi kuka-Uthman: Njengoko i-Islam yasasazeka kumazwe amaninzi, ukhalifa wesithathu, u-Uthman (wanga uAllah angakholiseka nguye), wenza iikopi ezisemthethweni ezivela kuloo master waza wazithumela kwizixeko ezikhulu, elinganisa umbhalo yonke indawo ukuze kungangeni mahluko. Ezinye zezo mibhalo yokuqala zisekho kwiimyuziyam kude kube namhlanje.
Kuyo yonke loo nto, umbhalo obhaliweyo awuzange wahlulwe kwisithethe esiphilayo sokufunda ngentloko, omabini ayegcinana. Koku kugcinwa kabini, okujongwe kwaza kwajongwa kwakhona ngamaqabane ayeyivile iQur'an kuMprofeti ﷺ ngokwakhe, okunika amaMuslim ukuzithemba kumbhalo.
Umngeni: Velisani Okufanayo Nayo
IQur'an ayigcini nje ngokuthi ivela kuThixo, ibeka loo bango kwumngeni ovulekileyo, onokuvavanywa, kubo bonke abantu. Ukuba ngumsebenzi womntu, iyaphikisa, ke makabekho umntu oyifanisayo, nkqu isahluko esinye. Loo mngeni wehliswa ngamanqanaba, nganye incinci kuneyangaphambili, wada wahlala ekuveliseni isahluko esinye:
"Kwaye ukuba nisekuthandabuzeni ngoko sikuthumele ezantsi phezu kweSicaka sethu, velisani isahluko esifana naso…"
(Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:23)
IQur'an iyakuxela nkqu ukuba lo mngeni awuze uhlangatyezwe:
"Yithi: Ukuba abantu neejinni bebehlangana ukuvelisa okufana neleQur'an, bebengenako ukuvelisa okufana nayo, nokuba bebengabancedisi omnye komnye."
(Surah Al-Isra, 17:88)
Kuma-Arabhu enkulungwane yesi-7, kanye aba bantu babezingca ngobuchule ngaphezu kwako konke, ababenaso sonke isizathu sokuchitha uMprofeti ﷺ, lo wawungumngeni othe ngqo kubuchule babo. Imbali ibhala ukuba boyisakala ukuwuhlangabeza.
Incwadi Engenakuphikisana
IQur'an iyamema ukuhlolwa kokungangqubaniyo kwayo, okungummangaliso kwincwadi ezisiwe ngamanqanaba kwithuba leminyaka engamashumi amabini anesithathu, ngeemeko eziguqukayo nezidla ngokuba nzima:
"Ngoko abacamngci na ngeQur'an? Ukuba yayivela komnye ngaphandle koAllah, babeya kufumana kuyo ukungqubana okuninzi."
(Surah An-Nisa, 4:82)
Isikhokelo Sabo Bonke Abantu
Nangona yatyhilwa ngesiArabhu, iQur'an iziveza kungekhona njengempahla yesizwe esinye kodwa njengesikhokelo sabo bonke abantu. Ithetha kwimibuzo enzulu yabantu (Sivela phi? Sikhoyo ntoni apha? Kwenzeka ntoni emva kokufa?) kwaye iyiphendula ngombono ohambelanayo wendalo enenjongo eyadalwa nguThixo onenceba.
Ikhomba rhoqo umfundi kwindalo yendalo, ukutshintshana kobusuku nemini, ukuphakanyiswa kweentaba, ukudibana nokwahlukana kweelwandle, amanqanaba okukhula komntu esibelekweni, iyethula njenge-āyāt, "imiqondiso," ekhomba ngaphaya kwayo kuMdali wayo. (Siphonononga le miqondiso kwizahluko ezilandelayo zesi sikhokelo.)
"Siya kubabonisa imiqondiso yethu emaphandleni nangaphakathi kubo bade bakubone ukuba yinyaniso."
(Surah Fussilat, 41:53)
Okunye Onokukufunda
- The Qur'an. Funda ngokwakho, nenguqulelo nokuleswa.
- Sahih al-Bukhari & Sahih Muslim. Amaqoqo amabini aqinisekiswe ngokupheleleyo eentethweni zoMprofeti ﷺ.
- Riyad as-Salihin (Imam an-Nawawi), ingqokelela ethandekayo yee-hadith ngokholo, isimilo, nonqulo.
- The Sealed Nectar (Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum), ibali lobomi bukaMprofeti ﷺ eliphumelele amabhaso.
- Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources. Martin Lings. ubomi bakhe obusekelwe kwimithombo yokuqala.
Qhubeka Ngohambo Lwakho
Inxalenye ye-Sikhokelo Esipheleleyo Sokuqonda I-Islam .