Akukho mntu mnye e-Islam othandwa ngaphezu koMprofeti uMuhammad ﷺ. AmaMuslim asho igama lakhe izigidi zezihlandlo ngemini, lisoloko lilandelwa ngumthandazo woxolo phezu kwakhe (intsingiselo yophawu ﷺ). Kanti ukuqonda i-Islam, umntu kufuneka amqonde, kungekhona umzobo ohlekisayo, kodwa indoda njengoko amaMuslim ayazi: uMthunywa wokugqibela kaThixo, nenceba eyathunyelwa kuyo yonke indalo.
Inkedama YaseMakkah
UMuhammad ﷺ wazalelwa esixekweni saseMakkah, e-Arabia, malunga nonyaka we-570 CE. Uyise wasweleka ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwakhe, nonina xa wayeneminyaka emithandathu kuphela, emshiya eyinkedama eyakhuliswa okokuqala nguyisemkhulu, waza waba ngumalume. Akazange afunde ukufunda okanye ukubhala.
Kudala phambi kokuba afumane naliphi na isityhilelo, abantu baseMakkah, uluntu olwaluzele ukunqula izithixo, iimfazwe zezizwe, nokungabikho kobulungisa, babemazi ngesibizo esiphawulekayo: Al-Amīn, "Othembekileyo." Nkqu neentshaba zakhe zexesha elizayo zaziye zimthembele ngezinto zabo ezixabisekileyo, kuba ubunyaniso bakhe babungathandabuzeki. Le mbeko, eyakheka kwiminyaka engamashumi amane, iyinxalenye yobungqina benyaniso yakhe.
Isityhilelo Sokuqala
Xa wayeneminyaka engamashumi amane, ecamngca yedwa kuMqolomba weHirā' ngaphandle kweMakkah, uMuhammad ﷺ wafumana amagama okuqala eQur'an ngengelosi uGabriyeli. Umyalelo wokuqala owatyhilwa kwindoda engafundanga wawusisimemo solwazi:
"Funda, egameni leNkosi yakho eyadala — yadala umntu ngedlaka elinamathelayo. Funda, kwaye iNkosi yakho inguSongama — eyafundisa ngosiba — yafundisa umntu oko wayengakwazi."
(Surah Al-'Alaq, 96:1–5)
Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini anesithathu elandelayo, isityhilelo saqhubeka, kwaye uMuhammad ﷺ wabiza abantu bakhe besuka ekunquleni izithixo besiya kuThixo omnye wenene. Wahlangatyezwa okokuqala ngokuhlekwa, kwaza kwaba yintshutshiso, ukuvinjelwa, ekugqibeleni imizamo yokubulala ubomi bakhe, kanti akazange athandabuze, kwaye akazange abuyisele ubukhohlakali ngobukhohlakali.
Ukufuduka Noluntu Lokuqala LwamaMuslim
Xa intshutshiso eMakkah yayingasanyamezeleki, uMprofeti ﷺ nabalandeli bakhe bafudukela esixekweni saseMadina ngo-622 CE, isiganeko esibaluleke kangangokuba siphawula ukuqala kwekhalenda yamaMuslim. Apho, wamisela uluntu lokuqala lwamaMuslim: uluntu olubotshelelwe kungekhona ngesizwe okanye ngobuhlanga, kodwa ngokholo; indawo apho iintshaba zangaphambili zaba ngabazalwana, apho amahlwempu ayondliwa, kwaye apho ubulungisa babulawulwa ngaphandle kokukhetha.
Phakathi kwesizukulwana esinye, indoda eyayigxothiwe ekhaya layo yabuyela eMakkah izoyisa, kwaye, ngemini yamandla ayo amakhulu, yaxolela kanye abantu ababeyithuthumbisile bayigxotha. Le nceba ngexesha loloyiso ngomnye wemifanekiso echaza ubomi bakhe.
UMprofeti Wokugqibela
AmaMuslim akholelwa ukuba uMuhammad ﷺ wayengenguye umsunguli wenkolo entsha, kodwa owokugqibela kuluhlu olude lwabaprofeti, utywina olugqibelelisa umyalezo owaqala nge-Adam owathwalwa ngu-Abraham, uMoses, noYesu (uxolo malube phezu kwabo bonke).
"UMuhammad akanguyise waye nawuphi na kumadoda enu, kodwa unguMthunywa ka-Allah notywina lwabaprofeti."
(Surah Al-Ahzab, 33:40)
Kwaye umsebenzi wakhe wawungewona owama-Arabhu wodwa, nkqu nowamaMuslim wodwa, kodwa owabo bonke abantu, enyanisweni, owayo yonke indalo:
"Kwaye asikuthumelanga ngaphandle njengenceba emhlabeni."
(Surah Al-Anbiya, 21:107)
Isimilo Esingafaniyo Nesinye
Xa umfazi wakhe u-'A'ishah (wanga uAllah angakholiseka nguye) wacelwa ukuchaza isimilo sakhe, waphendula ngokulula: "Isimilo sakhe yayiyiQur'an." (Sahih Muslim, 746) Wayephila kanye oko wayekushumayela. UThixo ngokwakhe wangqina isimilo sakhe kwiQur'an:
"Kwaye inene, wena usekwisimilo esikhulu."
(Surah Al-Qalam, 68:4)
Washwankathela injongo yobomi bakhe ngesivakalisi esinye:
"Ndathunywa kuphela ukugqibelelisa isimilo esihle."
(Al-Adab Al-Mufrad, 273; kuqinisekisiwe)
Wayezilungisela iimpahla zakhe, asenge iibhokhwe zakhe, adlale nabantwana, akhulule amakhoboka, ahloniphe abasetyhini ngexesha babengcwatywa bephila, afundise ukuba "abona balungileyo kuni ngabo balungileyo kwiintsapho zabo." (Sunan al-Tirmidhi, 3895) Wayekwalela inkohlakalo nkqu nakwizilwanyana.
Kutheni AmaMuslim Emlandela
KumaMuslim, uMprofeti ﷺ akaphakami njengoThixo kwaye akaze anqulwe, unqulo lolukaThixo yedwa. Kunoko, ungumzekelo opheleleyo womntu wokuphila ngokuzinikela kuThixo. IQur'an yenza ukumlandela uphawu lokuthanda uThixo ngokwenene:
"Yithi: Ukuba niyamthanda uAllah, ndilandeleni, uAllah uya kunithanda anixolele izono zenu."
(Surah Aal 'Imran, 3:31)
Iimfundiso nomzekelo wakhe, i-Sunnah yakhe, zakha umthombo wesibini omkhulu we-Islam ecaleni kweQur'an, zibonisa amaMuslim indlela yokuguqula inkolelo ibe bubomi bemihla ngemihla.
Kutheni AmaMuslim Ethemba I-Sunnah
Kuvela umbuzo oqhelekileyo: ukuba iintetho nezenzo zoMprofeti ﷺ ngumthombo wesikhokelo, amaMuslim anokuqiniseka njani ngoko awayekutsho ngokwenene, kumakhulu alishumi elinesine eminyaka kamva? Impendulo ikwenye yeenkqubo ezingqongqo zokuqinisekisa imbali ihlabathi lamandulo elayivelisayo.
Iintetho zoMprofeti ﷺ (ii-hadith) zafundwa ngocoselelo ngamaqabane akhe, zabhalwa phantsi, kwaye zadluliselwa ngamakhonkco abhaliweyo okubalisa (isnad), ingxelo nganye ilandelelwa, umbalisi ngombalisi, ide ifikelele kwingqina elabonayo. Izizukulwana zezifundiswa zamaMuslim zaza zawahlola ngokungqongqo la makhonkco, ziphonononga inkumbulo, ubunyaniso, nobomi bombalisi ngamnye, zize zibeke ingxelo nganye njengeqinisekisiweyo, ebuthathaka, okanye eqanjiweyo.
Kungoko kungamkelwa yonke intetho ebalelwa kuMprofeti ﷺ. Iingqokelela ezithenjwa kakhulu, ezinjenge-Sahih al-Bukhari ne-Sahih Muslim, zibhala kuphela iingxelo ezidlule olu vavanyo lungqongqo. Yinzululwazi yokuqinisekisa engenakuthelekiswa nokuncinci embalini yoluntu, kwaye sisizathu sokuba amaMuslim athethe ngokuzithemba ngendlela uMprofeti ﷺ awayephila, ethandaza, efundisa ngayo.
Okunye Onokukufunda
- The Qur'an. Funda ngokwakho, nenguqulelo nokuleswa.
- Sahih al-Bukhari & Sahih Muslim. Amaqoqo amabini aqinisekiswe ngokupheleleyo eentethweni zoMprofeti ﷺ.
- Riyad as-Salihin (Imam an-Nawawi), ingqokelela ethandekayo yee-hadith ngokholo, isimilo, nonqulo.
- The Sealed Nectar (Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum), ibali lobomi bukaMprofeti ﷺ eliphumelele amabhaso.
- Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources. Martin Lings. ubomi bakhe obusekelwe kwimithombo yokuqala.
Qhubeka Ngohambo Lwakho
Inxalenye ye-Sikhokelo Esipheleleyo Sokuqonda I-Islam .