Amalungelo anawo umfazi e-Islam avela kwisityhilelo. Abekwe kwiQur'an nakwindlela uMprofeti uMuhammad ﷺ awayenza ngayo, ngoko akukho sithethe sosapho okanye siko lendawo esinamandla okuwacima. Into ayibi yeye-Islam ngenxa nje yokuba yenzeka ekhaya lamaMuslim.
Oku kulandelayo kuthatyathwe kwiQur'an nakuSahih al-Bukhari. Isigqibo ngasinye esingezantsi sinendinyana okanye ingxelo emva kwaso, echazwayo apho sisetyenziswa khona.
Umi Yedwa Phambi koAllah
ISurah An-Nisa iqala ngokuthetha nabantu bonke ngaxeshanye, ibasekele kwimvelaphi enye:
"O mankind! reverence your Guardian-Lord, who created you from a single person, created, of like nature, His mate, and from them twain scattered (like seeds) countless men and women;- reverence Allah, through whom ye demand your mutual (rights), and (reverence) the wombs (That bore you): for Allah ever watches over you."
(Surah An-Nisa, 4:1)
Xa iQur'an idwelisa iimpawu uAllah azivuzayo, ibiza amadoda nabasetyhini kunye kwinyathelo ngalinye, ekukholweni, nasekuthobeleni, nasenyanisweni, nasekunyamezeleni, nasekuthobekeni, nasekupheni, nasekuzileni, nasekuzibambeni, nasekukhumbuleni uAllah. Emva koko ibanika isithembiso esinye:
"For Muslim men and women,- for believing men and women, for devout men and women, for true men and women, for men and women who are patient and constant, for men and women who humble themselves, for men and women who give in Charity, for men and women who fast (and deny themselves), for men and women who guard their chastity, and for men and women who engage much in Allah's praise,- for them has Allah prepared forgiveness and great reward."
(Surah Al-Ahzab, 33:35)
Kunjalo nakubomi obuthenjiswe okholwayo kweli hlabathi:
"Whoever works righteousness, man or woman, and has Faith, verily, to him will We give a new Life, a life that is good and pure and We will bestow on such their reward according to the best of their actions."
(Surah An-Nahl, 16:97)
Indawo yomfazi kuAllah ayiphathelwanga nguyise, okanye umyeni, okanye unyana. Uyakholwa, anqule, aguquke, kwaye aphendule ngoko akwenzayo. Umvuzo ochazwe kwezi ndinyana uthenjiswe yena ngokuthe ngqo.
Ubutyebi Obobakhe
IQur'an imjonga umfazi njengomnini. Ulifumana ilifa, abambe ipropati, kwaye oko akuphayo ukupha ngesigqibo sakhe.
"From what is left by parents and those nearest related there is a share for men and a share for women, whether the property be small or large,-a determinate share."
(Surah An-Nisa, 4:7)
Ubungakanani besabelo buxhomekeke kwindlela umfazi ahlobene ngayo nomntu oswelekileyo, kwaye iQur'an ibeka loo milinganiselo ngokweenkcukacha. Okuseleyo kule ndinyana koku okungenakususwa sisizalwana okanye isiko: isabelo sakhe simiselwe, kwaye sesakhe.
I-mahr yakhe, isipho somtshato, yeyakhe ngendlela efanayo:
"And give the women (on marriage) their dower as a free gift; but if they, of their own good pleasure, remit any part of it to you, Take it and enjoy it with right good cheer."
(Surah An-Nisa, 4:4)
Umyeni unokufumana inxalenye yayo kwakhona kwimeko enye kuphela, ukuba akhethe ukuyinika. Uxanduva lwakhe lokondla ikhaya alubenzi ubutyebi bakhe bube bobakhe.
ISunnah iphinda ibalise ngesisombululo esisebenzayo xa loo nkxaso yayingafunyanwa. UHind bint 'Utba (wanga uAllah angakholiseka nguye) waxelela uMprofeti ﷺ ukuba umyeni wakhe akamniki okwaneleyo yena nabantwana bakhe, wabuza ukuba angathatha na kwipropati yakhe engazi:
"Take what is sufficient for you and your children, and the amount should be just and reasonable."
(Sahih al-Bukhari 5364, Book 69, Hadith 14)
Wazisa isikhalazo, impendulo yaba sisisombululo awayenokusisebenzisa.
Awukho Umtshato Ngaphandle Kwemvume Yakhe
IQur'an ichaza umtshato njengendawo yokuphumla, kungekhona njengorhwebo:
"And among His Signs is this, that He created for you mates from among yourselves, that ye may dwell in tranquillity with them, and He has put love and mercy between your (hearts): verily in that are Signs for those who reflect."
(Surah Ar-Rum, 30:21)
Umtshato uqala ngemvume yakhe. UMprofeti ﷺ wathi:
"A matron should not be given in marriage except after consulting her; and a virgin should not be given in marriage except after her permission."
(Sahih al-Bukhari 5136, Book 67, Hadith 72)
Oku akushiywanga njengecebiso. UKhansa bint Khidam al-Ansariyya (wanga uAllah angakholiseka nguye) watshatiswa nguyise, akawuthanda loo mtshato, waya kuMprofeti ﷺ ngawo. Wawuchitha loo mtshato (Sahih al-Bukhari 5138, Book 67, Hadith 74). Uyise wayenzile, ukwala kwakhe kwakuchitha.
Indlela Yokuphuma
Umfazi ongenako ukuqhubeka emtshatweni unendlela yokuphuma kuwo. Umka-Thabit ibn Qais wazisa ibali lakhe kuMprofeti ﷺ, waza wathi kuThabit:
"Accept your garden, and divorce her once."
(Sahih al-Bukhari 5273, Book 68, Hadith 22)
Wathi akafumani siphoso kwisimilo sakhe okanye kunqulo lwakhe, wavuma ukubuyisa igadi awayeyinikwe, uMprofeti ﷺ waza wathi kuThabit makahlukane naye.
Ukufunda
Abasetyhini bafunda kuMprofeti ﷺ ngokuthe ngqo, kwaye eso silungiselelo saphuma kubo:
"Some women requested the Prophet (ﷺ) to fix a day for them as the men were taking all his time. On that he promised them one day for religious lessons and commandments."
(Sahih al-Bukhari 101, Book 3, Hadith 43)
Le hadith ibeka ukufunda kwabasetyhini phakathi kokufundisa koMprofeti ﷺ ngokwakhe. Bacela ixesha elibekelwe bona, wabanika lona.
Umama
IQur'an idibanisa umbulelo kubazali noko kuthwalwa ngumama:
"And We have enjoined on man (to be good) to his parents: in travail upon travail did his mother bear him, and in years twain was his weaning: (hear the command), "Show gratitude to Me and to thy parents: to Me is (thy final) Goal."
(Surah Luqman, 31:14)
Indoda yabuza uMprofeti ﷺ ukuba ngubani onelungelo elikhulu kunabo bonke kubuhlobo bayo obulungileyo. Waphendula wathi, "Umama wakho." Yabuza kwakhona, nakwakhona, impendulo ayatshintsha. Kwaba sekubuzeni kwesine apho wathi khona, "Uyihlo" (Sahih al-Bukhari 5971, Book 78, Hadith 2).
Ngokuphendula athi "Umama wakho" kathathu, uMprofeti ﷺ wabeka phezu kwabantwana bakhe uxanduva olucacileyo lokukhathalela, lokunyamezela, nolombulelo.
Xa Isenzo Singahambelani Nemfundiso
AmaMuslim awasoloko ekugcina oku. Umfazi unokuvinjwa ilifa lakhe, anyanzelwe kumtshato, angalifumani i-mahr yakhe, ashiywe ngaphandle kwenkxaso, okanye athintelwe ekufundeni unqulo lwakhe. Akukho nanye kwezo nto eyamkelekileyo ngenxa yokuba usapho luyibiza ngesiko.
Ubungqina obungasentla bucacile ngokwaneleyo ukuba oko kuthethwe. UAllah wamisela isabelo sakhe kwilifa. Wenza i-mahr yabayeyakhe. UMprofeti ﷺ wafuna imvume yakhe, wachitha umtshato awayengawuvumanga, wamnika indlela yokuphuma kulowo wayengenako ukuhlala kuwo, waxelela umfazi oko anokukuthatha xa engondliwa, kwaye wabekela abasetyhini usuku lokubafundisa xa becela.
Apho uluntu lwamaMuslim lungafikeleli kuko, ukulungisa asiyongcinga entsha. YiQur'an neSunnah zisetyenziswa njengoko zinjalo.
Imithombo Esetyenzisiweyo
- IQur'an: 4:1, 4:4, 4:7, 16:97, 30:21, 31:14 no-33:35. Izicatshulwa zithatyathwe kwinguqulelo ka-Abdullah Yusuf Ali ku-quran.com.
- Sahih al-Bukhari: 101, 5136, 5138, 5273, 5364 no-5971.
Qhubeka Ngohambo Lwakho
Inxalenye ye-Sikhokelo Esipheleleyo Sokuqonda I-Islam .